An experimental method has been developed for detecting impact-generated¯ex-ural waves in plates using piezoelectric ®lms. The recorded signals are analyzed in order to determine the force-time history of the impact. The reconstructed response is compared with the measured response. A good prediction is found. This technique presents a valuable method for identi®cation of source locations and may be applied to in-service structures under impact, to seismic data from earthquakes or to signals recorded from acoustic emission of propagating cracks.
IntroductionThe performance of polymer composite parts has been continuously increasing in recent years. The new materials are not only advantageous with regard to new features such as special orientation of ®bers, or thickness of coating, but bring also disadvantages such as new failure modes, among them ± delamination of the composite which is often generated by impacts. Such delaminations lead to the change in the stiffness of the structure that may result in its safety reduction. It is not always possible to identify the structural damage of composites because the structure is often built-in and not accessible for visible inspection. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the structure, using external load as a parameter. If the determined load is above (or below) a certain value, which has to be obtained with the same material and geometry characteristics, it is possible to predict whether the structure is damaged or not.A direct measurement of, for example, an impact load would require a force cell between the structure and the impactor, an accelerometer attached to the impactor or, ®nally, a measurement of the velocity at the impact location. However, in general, it is not always possible to attach a transducer to the impactor and/or to know the impact location before the impact takes place. Thus, one has to place some sensors at certain points on the structure and measure their response. The determination of the input (impact load) by a given output (sensor signals) and at known system parameters is called the identi®cation problem.Among force-identi®cation problems, paper [1] presents a method for determining the location, magnitude and the phase of a harmonic point-force acting on a simply supported viscoelastic rectangular plate from a number of displacement readings at discrete points on the plate. In [2], a method is presented for determining the location and the load of impacts by applying the phase information from spectral analysis. However, the approach in the paper [2] is restricted to beams only. An impact load-identi®cation technique is suggested in [3] using piezoelectric sensors. The authors used a structure model and a response comparator for solving the inverse problem. The structure model characterizes the relation between the input load and the sensor output. The response comparator compares the measured sensor signals with the predicted model. An extension of this work is shown in [4]; it is not only applied to beams, but also to composite plates...