&lt;title&gt;In-vivo evaluation of layered scattering coefficients and refractive indices with OCT&lt;/title&gt;

Knuettel, Alexander R.; Boehlau-Godau, M; Welker, Paul; Gogolin, Uwe; Kügler, Christian

doi:10.1117/12.356823

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Apart from this, the use of a 40 × 0.6 NA objective in combination with a 25 µm pinhole will give more precise results than a 100 × 1.25 NA objective and 50 µm pinhole (lower mean coefficients of variation) and the use of a 100 × 1.25 NA objective and 50 µm pinhole might slightly overestimate the procaine amount in the upper few micrometers of the skin. The expectation that the 100 × 1.25 NA objective and 50 µm pinhole would give accurate results as it is an oil immersion objective with an immersion oil that refractive index is similar to the stratum corneums (immersion oil: 1.51, stratum corneum: 1.47) was therefore only partially met. Interestingly, the 40 × 0.6 NA objective in combination with the 25 µm pinhole was found to give accurate results with respect to similarity of the penetration profile to that of the cross sections.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of skin penetration profiles by confocal Raman microspectroscopy: statistical evaluation of optimal microscope configuration

Lunter

2016

J. Raman Spectrosc.

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The aim of the study was to statistically evaluate the optimal microscope configuration for confocal Raman microspectroscopic determination of the penetration of a pharmaceutical active into the skin (depth profiling). Pig ear skin and a hydrophilic formulation containing procaine HCl were used as a model system. Two configurations (40 × 0.6 NA objective and 25 µm pinhole or 100 × 1.25 NA oil immersion objective and 50 µm pinhole) that had been found to potentially give appropriate results were investigated. Measurements on cross sections of skin samples were used as a reference. Both microscope configurations were found to be appropriate for depth profiling. It was found that the use of a 100 × 1.25 NA oil immersion objective and 50 µm pinhole lead to higher variability of the results. The statistical approach was found to be highly valuable. This shows that both, metallurgic and immersion objective can be used for depth profiling. The statistical analysis can serve as an example on how to choose an appropriate microscope configuration for depth profiling of the skin. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of skin penetration profiles by confocal Raman microspectroscopy: statistical evaluation of optimal microscope configuration

Lunter

2016

J. Raman Spectrosc.

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“…The behavior of the SC was interpreted by moisture uptake from sweating. 116,117 The effect of moisture uptake and sweating as a result of interaction of measuring probe with skin and their contributions to signal variations has not been estimated.…”

Section: Non-invasive Glucose Measurement 675mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Invasive Glucose Measurement Technologies: An Update from 1999 to the Dawn of the New Millennium

Khalil

2004

Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics

232

152

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There are three main issues in non-invasive (NI) glucose measurements: namely, specificity, compartmentalization of glucose values, and calibration. There has been progress in the use of near-infrared and mid-infrared spectroscopy. Recently new glucose measurement methods have been developed, exploiting the effect of glucose on erythrocyte scattering, new photoacoustic phenomenon, optical coherence tomography, thermo-optical studies on human skin, Raman spectroscopy studies, fluorescence measurements, and use of photonic crystals. In addition to optical methods, in vivo electrical impedance results have been reported. Some of these methods measure intrinsic properties of glucose; others deal with its effect on tissue or blood properties. Recent studies on skin from individuals with diabetes and its response to stimuli, skin thermo-optical response, peripheral blood flow, and red blood cell rheology in diabetes shed new light on physical and physiological changes resulting from the disease that can affect NI glucose measurements. There have been advances in understanding compartmentalization of glucose values by targeting certain regions of human tissue. Calibration of NI measurements and devices is still an open question. More studies are needed to understand the specific glucose signals and signals that are due to the effect of glucose on blood and tissue properties. These studies should be performed under normal physiological conditions and in the presence of other co-morbidities.

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Near-Infrared Thermo-Optical Response of the Localized Reflectance of Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Human Skin

Kasemsumran¹

2008

Handbook of Optical Sensing of Glucose in Biological Fluids and Tissues

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<title>In-vivo evaluation of layered scattering coefficients and refractive indices with OCT</title>

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Determination of skin penetration profiles by confocal Raman microspectroscopy: statistical evaluation of optimal microscope configuration

Determination of skin penetration profiles by confocal Raman microspectroscopy: statistical evaluation of optimal microscope configuration

Non-Invasive Glucose Measurement Technologies: An Update from 1999 to the Dawn of the New Millennium

Near-Infrared Thermo-Optical Response of the Localized Reflectance of Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Human Skin

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