<title>Laser-interference methods in hydroacoustic systems</title>

Abstract

In article the description of bottom station is resulted, basic measuring device is laser-interference hydrophone. Laser-interference hydrophone is created on a basis Michelson interferometer of equal-arm type. As a light source in interferometer the semi-conductor laser is used. A sensitive element of a laser hydrophone is the round membrane which is included in system «cat's eye ».

Fundamentals of the Thermohydrogravidynamic Theory of the Global Seismotectonic Activity of the Earth

“…By considering the calculated relative average values ( ) of the integral energy gravitational influences (corresponding to the time duration MOON /2 of the maximal integral energy gravitational influence of the Moon on the Earth) on the Earth of the planets of the Solar System and the Moon [12,25]: (Moon, second approximation) = 13.0693 (for the Moon), (2) = 4.5342 (for Venus), (5) = 2.3182 (for Jupiter), (1) = 0.2547 (for Mercury), (4) = 0.0999 (for Mars), (6) = 0.0809 (for Saturn), (7) = 0.001066 (for Uranus), (8) = 0.0002594 (for Neptune), and (9) = 1.1671 ⋅ 10 −8 (for Pluto), we established [25] the exceptional predominant significance of the cosmic energy gravitational influence of the Moon (along with the established [12] minor significance of Venus, Jupiter, and Mercury) as the predominant cosmic trigger mechanism of discharge (on the final stage of the preparation of the earthquakes) of the accumulated potential energy (in the focal region of earthquakes) supplying of the cosmic gravitational energy influences of the planets of the Solar System and the Moon. The considered results of Sections 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3 have demonstrated the cosmic energy gravitational genesis (related to the combined nonstationary cosmic energy gravitational influence of the planets of the Solar System, the Sun, and the Moon) of the following correlated geophysical phenomena: the small oscillations [2] of the boundary of the Pacific Ocean (i.e., the seismic zone of the Pacific Ring); the small oscillatory motion of the rigid kernel of the Earth relative to the fluid kernel of the Earth [51]; the Chandler's wobble of the Earth's pole; the oscillations [42], rotations, and deformations [1,2] of the geoblocks weakly coupled with the surrounding plastic layers in all seismic zones of the Earth; the formation of the planetary fractures related to the strong earthquakes [1, 3-5, 9, 10, 23] and the planetary cataclysms [25,26].…”

“…Equation (72) generalizes the Navier-Stokes equation (71) (given for g = 0) by taking into account the dependences of the coefficient of molecular kinematic viscosity ] = / and the coefficient of molecular volume viscosity ] 2 = V / on the space (three-dimensional) Cartesian coordinates. The relevant example for illustration of the significance of the term (in the expression (66) for the differential work np, ) is related to the thermodynamic consideration [12] of the processes of the energy exchange [42] between the oceans and the lithosphere of the Earth. According to the expression (69) for the term , the energy exchange between the oceans (and the atmosphere) and the lithosphere of the Earth is possible only under the presence of the medium acoustic compressibility (i.e., div k ̸ = 0) and the medium deformations (i.e., ̸ = 0) in the boundary regions of fluid (in the oceans), air (in the atmosphere), and the compressible deformed lithosphere of the Earth.…”

“…The presented results of Sections 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3 support the stated [25,26] conclusion that the related geophysical phenomena (the small oscillatory motion of the rigid kernel of the Earth relative to the fluid kernel of the Earth [51]; the small oscillation of the Earth's pole (i.e., the Chandler's wobble of the Earth's pole); the small oscillations of the boundary of the Pacific Ocean (i.e., the seismic zone of the Pacific Ring [2]); the oscillations [42], rotations, and deformations [1,2] of the geoblocks weakly coupled with the surrounding plastic layers in all seismic zones of the Earth and the formation of fractures related to the strong earthquakes [1-5, 9-12, 23] and the planetary cataclysms [25,26]) are induced by the combined nonstationary cosmic energy gravitational influence on the Earth of the planets of the Solar System, the Sun, and the Moon. …”

“…Using the differential formulation (41) of the first law of thermodynamics [28] for the total derivative / (following the liquid substance) of the specific (per unit mass) internal thermal energy of a compressible viscous onecomponent deformed continuum with no chemical reactions, the heat equation (42) [28], the general equation of continuum movement [29] …”