<title>Performance of dual header-pulse interval modulation (DH-PIM) for optical wireless communication systems</title>

Abstract

In this paper, we present a study of dual header-pulse interval modulation (DH-PIM) scheme for optical wireless communications. System theory and code properties of DH-PIM are discussed and expressions for the power spectral density, slot and packet error rates and optical power requirements are presented. The problem of baseline wander is also studied. The performance of DH-PIM is compared with other modulation schemes such as on-off keying (OOK), pulse position modulation (PPM), differential pulse position modulation (DPPM) and digital pulse interval modulation (PIM). We show that, DH-PIM offers higher bit rate and has a built-in frame synchronisation capability. For a simple threshold detector receiver, it offers improved error performance compared with OOK, but marginally inferior performance compared with PPM. The optimum system performance in terms of optical power and bandwidth requirements is achieved at bit resolution of 5.

Packet error rate analysis of IM/DD systems for ultraviolet scattering communications

“…The second part is composed of α light pulse intervals, n empty guard intervals and m empty data intervals. The values of m are defined as [14] …”

Slot error rate performance of DH‐PIM with symbol retransmission for optical wireless links

“…At the receiver when decoding, comparisons are carried out at the symbol level, therefore we first determine the probability of symbol error P syme which is as given in [12]:…”

“…The former is the simplest technique but with low power efficiency, whereas PPM, having a fixed symbol length, is the best scheme in terms of the power efficiency and overall performance, but requiring a much higher transmission bandwidth as well as symbol and slot synchronisations [6]. Both DPIM and DH-PIM requires no symbol synchronisation and offer improved bandwidth and power efficiencies compared with the PPM and OOK, respectively [10][11][12].…”

A synopsis of modulation techniques for wireless infrared communication

“…Consequently, subcarrier modulation schemes are less power efficient than pulse modulation techniques. For instance in an AWGN limited direct LOS infrared communication link, using a single-SIM with either BPSK or QPSK results in 1.5 dB more optical power compared with the OOK [20]. Additionally, the optical modulation depth must be such that the optical source operates within its dynamic ICTON-MW'07 Fr4B.1 5 range.…”

“…In DH-PIM proposed by Aldibbiat et al [20] a symbol can have one of two predefined header depending on the input information. The n th symbol S n (h n ,d n ) of a DH-PIM sequence is composed of a header h n , which initiates the symbol, and information slots d n .…”