“…Electromechanical converters, which are key components of servo valves, have a great effect on their performance. Thus, research on high-speed and high-precision servo valves aims at the replacement of conventional electromagnetic electromechanical converters by high-precision and high-response prestage drivers [1,2]. In recent years, piezoelectric materials have been the primary choice of electromechanical converters because of good linearity, high response, high precision, absence of electromagnetic interference, and easy miniaturization.…”