<title>Scheme of standard MIDI files steganography and its evaluation</title>

Abstract

Steganography aims to make communication invisible by hiding genuine information in innocuous objects. We have proposed the SMF steganography that enables to hide information into Standard MIDI Files (SMF). The SMF is widely used as a standard storage format of the data of Musical Instrumental Digital Interface (MIDI). Most of digital musical instruments and personal computers equip the MIDI. Our hiding method utilizes a redundancy of the description of note events (note on/off) in SMF. Some note events which are performed simultaneously are allowed as correct contents of SMF even if they are described in any order. Therefore, we can permute the order of such note events according to the embedded data without changing their sounds. To clarify the potential of the SMF steganography, we calculate the embeddable data size about over three hundred SMFs that are opened to the public on the Internet. As a result, the embedding rate, which is the percentage of embeddable data size to cover SMF size, shows about 1% on average, and the best case reaches about 4%. We also clarify the influence of the Quantize function (which adjusts the timing of note events) on the embeddable data size.

Research on Copyright Protection Technology based on MIDI Music Structural Features

“…Before output the source, it indicates the average uncertainty of the source. When the uncertainty is removed after the output of the source, entropy can be regarded as the amount of information that need to remove the uncertainty of the source [28][29][30][31].…”

Steganography via MIDI Files by Adjusting Velocities of Musical Note Sequences With Monotonically Non-Increasing or Non-Decreasing Pitches

“…Only a few investigations of information hiding via MIDI files can be found in the literature [16]- [23]. Some of them insert new events into MIDI files that can be ignored by MIDI instruments, or reorganize the messages in MIDI files without altering the musical expressions [16]- [19]. In the MIDI specification, the parameter program number specifies a certain musical instrument, and an event which alternates the program number in a channel is called a program change event.…”

“…And the notes in such a series are called simulnotes. Inoue and Matsumoto [19] used such simulnotes to embed secret data by reordering the events in the series to encode data bits.…”

Research on the Computer Music Production Technology System under the Digital Background

“…We can say, the rapid development of digital technology brings up new media, at the same time promotes the fast development of computer music production technology. Through the elaboration of digital and informational music and its production technology, this paper researches mainly on the music production system based on computer including the characteristic analysis of computer music, the digital audio technology, the computer music production software, and especially the computer MIDI production technology; builds up a set of computer music production technology system based on a digital, informational and modernized background; and based on the content-based music retrieval framework, constructs a music signature database by taking MIDI files as case study object to verify the effectiveness, immediacy and accuracy of this system [4][5][6].…”