&lt;title&gt;User-friendly surface wave method for integrity evaluation&lt;/title&gt;

Nazarian, Soheil; Baker, Mark R.; Yuan, Deren; Crain, Kevin

doi:10.1117/12.209383

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Because this equation is based on the average results, safety factors of different ranges are added to (8) to determine variations of anchor holding capacity versus shear wave velocity. This addition is to ensure that all the anchors will meet the minimum holding capacity.…”

Section: Anchor Holding Capacity Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proposed soil exploration technique, spectral analysis of surface waves (SASWs), is based on the detection of impact-induced, small-strain stress waves [5]. The method generates the shear wave velocity versus depth profiles of the tested soil and has been successfully applied to the detection of pavement thickness, characterization of shallow soil profiles, and correlation to soil liquefaction potentials [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Three technical data can be established using SASW: (1) recommended embedment depth of the anchors, (2) soil stiffness at the necessary depth, and (3) depth of bedrock.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectral Analysis of Surface Wave for Empirical Elastic Design of Anchored Foundations

Chen

Ong

2012

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Helical anchors are vital support components for power transmission lines. Failure of a single anchor can lead to the loss of an entire transmission line structure which results in the loss of power for downstream community. Despite being important, it is not practical to use conventional borehole method of subsurface exploration, which is labor intensive and costly, for estimating soil properties and anchor holding capacity. This paper describes the use of an empirical and elasticity-based design technique coupled with the spectral analysis of surface wave (SASW) technique to provide subsurface information for anchor foundation designs. Based on small-strain wave propagation, SASW determines shear wave velocity profile which is then correlated to anchor holding capacity. A pilot project involving over 400 anchor installations has been performed and demonstrated that such technique is reliable and can be implemented into transmission line structure designs.

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Section: Anchor Holding Capacity Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral Analysis of Surface Wave for Empirical Elastic Design of Anchored Foundations

Chen

Ong

2012

Advances in Civil Engineering

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“…The SASW method was developed during the last two decades as an extension of a steady‐state Rayleigh wave technique 1–4 . Using impact excitation and two receivers, the technique relies on the time travel between the two receivers to back‐calculate travel velocity.…”

Section: Fundamentals Of Saswmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Surface Wave Testing for Stability Determination of Earth-Bound Structures

et al. 2007

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T raditionally, geotechnical engineers relied on the standard penetration test (SPT) and cone penetration test (CPT) to determine soil stiffness and depth of bedrock. These tests typically involve boring (thus, destructive in nature), which require substantial cost and time. As a result of boring, these tests evaluate the soil stiffness only at a single point, which may or may not be representative of the overall site characteristics, and the soil data interpretation is almost exclusively heuristic. For more elaborate investigation, multiple boreholes may be required, which naturally would drive up the costs involved. It is not uncommon that the clients would limit site borings to numbers insufficient for proper site characterization.For rapid constructions, such as erection of high-voltage power transmission lines for power companies using helical anchors or direct embedded foundations, SPT and CPT may not be economically feasible. Alternative testing techniques that provide quick and accurate assessment of soil stiffness are much needed for these projects.Nondestructive geophysical test techniques that are based on elastic wave propagation of induced stress waves in soil offer attractive alternate options. These methods typically rely on mechanically generated stress waves and high-resolution geophones to pick up ground responses to back-calculate elastic material properties of soil layers, which is done by measuring either the compression or shear wave velocities of each material and then by correlating wave speed to elastic moduli.Since 1999, the Southern Company has conducted extensive research in developing the nondestructive geophysical technique for the design of transmission pole structures. The spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) test technique is based on the dispersion characteristics of surface waves and consists of making field measurements of surface wave velocities at various frequencies and determining shear wave speed profiles through an inversion process. 1 The Southern Company research involved extensive field pull and SASW tests to establish semiempirical design correlations in order to determine the stabilities of the transmission pole structures.In this article, different practical applications of the SASW method are presented, demonstrating the versatility of the SASW method. The presented case studies are all associated with the construction and erection of transmission line poles and towers. In the first case, SASW was used to determine possible correlation between soil shear wave velocities and anchor-holding capacities. In the second case, soil shear wave velocities were used to determine embedment depth required for directly embedded poles. FUNDAMENTALS OF SASWThe SASW method was developed during the last two decades as an extension of a steady-state Rayleigh wave technique. [1][2][3][4] Using impact excitation and two receivers, the technique relies on the time travel between the two receivers to backcalculate travel velocity. During test, the two receivers are placed in the so...

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Improved assessment of mass concrete dams using acoustic travel time tomography. Part I — theory

Bond

Kepler

Frangopol³

2000

Construction and Building Materials

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<title>User-friendly surface wave method for integrity evaluation</title>

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Spectral Analysis of Surface Wave for Empirical Elastic Design of Anchored Foundations

Spectral Analysis of Surface Wave for Empirical Elastic Design of Anchored Foundations

Applications of Surface Wave Testing for Stability Determination of Earth-Bound Structures

Improved assessment of mass concrete dams using acoustic travel time tomography. Part I — theory

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