LTE and GPS based Deca Band Printed Antenna for Cellular Mobile Handset Communication Applications

Abstract

This paper presents novel mobile phone antenna for radiations simultaneously in ten frequency bands for applications of LTE (Long-Term Evolution), GPS (Global Positioning System), GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), PCS (Public and Commercial Services), DCS (Distributed Control System), UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access). The antenna demonstrates novel characteristics for resolving the challenge of simultaneous radiation capabilities for the GSM and GPS applications with frequencies of 850/900 and 1575 MHz respectively, along with resonances at frequency band of 700 MHz for LTE applications, 1800 and 1900 MHz for PCS and DCS applications, 2100 MHz for UMTS applications, 2400 and 2500 MHz for LTE applications and 3300 MHz for WiMAX applications with S11 = - 6 dB matching criteria (VSWR 3:1). The antenna architecture comprises top and bottom copper layers embedded with monopole radiating element, branch line, slots and various stub lines. The desired operating bands are achieved in a compact area with overall dimensions of 0.8x60x120 mm for the height, width and length respectively of the antenna providing suitable platform for mobile handset applications. Omni-directional radiation pattern characteristics are achieved throughout the range of frequencies by designing the proposed antenna in monopole configuration. Proposed antenna is fabricated and results for the surface currents, s-parameters and 3D (Three-Dimensional) gain plots are illustrated for the proof of concept.

void fraction measurement using the coaxial line phase technique in the vertical gas-liquid slug flow

“…The coaxial transmission has the advantages of low cost, strong anti-interference ability, and it is not easy to leak electromagnetic waves. It has been widely used in the field of multiphase flow testing [4][5][6]. In 1976, Kraszewski A et al [7] measured the moisture content of sand on the conveyor belt by detecting the amplitude attenuation and phase shift of microwave, and proposed and verified a measurement model for predicting the moisture content.…”