LTE Standards

Remy, Jean-Gabriel; Letamendia, Charlotte

doi:10.1002/9781119043508

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Again, the modulation scheme used in these tests is offset quadrature shift key (OQPSK), and K is varied from 512 to 8192. It should be noted that the LTE toolbox used did not exceed IFFT length of 2048 [26,30]; however, as carrier aggregated signals in LTE-A and 5G technologies had increased IFFT lengths [31][32][33], in order to validate that this scheme is applicable for LTE-A signals and 5G signals, the test was performed for larger IFFT lengths of K = 4096 and 8192. The comparison of the original signal and the signal with PSI applied in the time domain is shown in Figure 8a, and the CCDF plot is presented in Figure 8b, in which the common point to look at the CCDF for performance comparison is at 10 −4 .…”

Section: Papr Reduction Performance; Complementary Cumulative Discretmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, an analysis is presented that explains how PSI technique can be equally used for different types of LTE signal, as described in Table 5. A parameter known as number of resource block (NRB) [30] is varied and the spectrum is compared. The NRB indicates how many blocks of 180KHz is occupied by the signal structure.…”

Section: Signal Spectrum Leakagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 5. LTE Signal structure [30,42]. However, here in order to have clear picture, worse scenarios were considered.…”

Section: Signal Spectrum Leakagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance Investigation of Peak Shrinking and Interpolating the PAPR Reduction Technique for LTE-Advance and 5G Signals

et al. 2019

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Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has become an indispensable part of waveform generation in wideband digital communication since its first appearance in digital audio broadcasting (DAB) in Europe in 1980s, and it is indeed in use. As has been seen, the OFDM based waveforms work well with time division duplex operation in new radio (NR) systems in 5G systems, supporting delay-sensitive applications, high spectral efficiency, massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) compatibility, and ever-larger bandwidth signals, which has demonstrated successful commercial implementation for 5G downlinks and uplinks up to 256-QAM modulation schemes. However, the OFDM waveforms suffer from high peak to average power ratio (PAPR), which is not desired by system designers as they want RF power amplifiers (PAs) to operate with high efficiency. Although NR offers some options for maintaining the efficiency and spectral demand, such as cyclic prefix based (CP-OFDM), and discrete Fourier transform spread based (DFT-S-OFDM) schemes, which have limiting effects on PAPR, the PAPR is still as high as 13 dB. This value increases when the bandwidth is increased. Moreover, in LTE-Advance and 5G systems, in order to increase the bandwidth, and data-rate, carrier aggregation technology is used which increases the PAPR the same way that bandwidth increment does; therefore, it is essential to employ PAPR reduction in signal processing stage before passing the signal to PA. In this paper, we investigate the performance of an innovative peak shrinking and interpolation (PSI) technique for reducing peak to average power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based signals at waveform generation stage. The main idea behind the PSI technique is to extract high peaks, scale them down, and interpolate them back into the signal. It is shown that PSI technique is a possible candidate for reducing PAPR without compromising on computational complexity, compatible for existing and future telecommunication systems such as 4G, 5G, and beyond. In this paper, the PSI technique is tested with variety of signals in terms of inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) length, type of the signal modulation, and applications. Additional work has been carried out to compare the proposed technique with other promising PAPR reduction techniques. This paper further validates the PSI technique through experimental measurement with a power amplifier (PA) test bench and achieves an adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) of less than -55 dBc. Results showed improvement in output power of PA versus given input power, and furthermore, the error vector magnitude (EVM) of less than 1% was achieved when comparing of the signal after and before modification by the PSI technique.

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Section: Papr Reduction Performance; Complementary Cumulative Discretmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Signal Spectrum Leakagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance Investigation of Peak Shrinking and Interpolating the PAPR Reduction Technique for LTE-Advance and 5G Signals

et al. 2019

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“…The designer can modify the capacity of a certain link using various communication techniques such as introducing parallel channels between two nodes as in orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) networks [13]. In OFDMA networks, the number of parallel links between two nodes is usually limited [14]. To capture this limitation, we limit the amount by which the designer can increase the capacity of a given link.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust Distributed Averaging: When are Potential-Theoretic Strategies Optimal?

Khanafer

Başar

2016

IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr.

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We study the interaction between a network designer and an adversary over a dynamical network.The network consists of nodes performing continuous-time distributed averaging. The adversary strategically disconnects a set of links to prevent the nodes from reaching consensus. Meanwhile, the network designer assists the nodes in reaching consensus by changing the weights of a limited number of links in the network. We formulate two Stackelberg games to describe this competition where the order in which the players act is reversed in the two problems. Although the canonical equations provided by the Pontryagin's maximum principle seem to be intractable, we provide an alternative characterization for the optimal strategies that makes connection to potential theory. Finally, we provide a sufficient condition for the existence of a saddle-point equilibrium for the underlying zero-sum game. 2 optimization, and flocking [2]-[4]. Besides engineering, linear distributed averaging finds applications in other fields as well. For instance, social scientists use averaging to describe the evolution of opinions in networks [5]. In practice, communication among agents is prone to different types of non-idealities which can affect the convergence properties of the associated distributed algorithms. Transmission delays [6], noisy links [7], [8], and quantization [9] are some examples of non-idealities that are due to the physical nature of the application. In addition to physical restrictions, researchers have also studied averaging dynamics in the presence of malicious nodes in the network [10], [11].In [12], we explored the effect of an external adversary who attempts to prevent the nodes from reaching consensus by launching network-wide attacks. When the adversary is capable of disconnecting certain links in the network, we derived the optimal strategy of the adversary and demonstrated that it admits a potential-theoretic analogy. In this paper, we also introduce a network designer that attempts to counter the effect of the adversary and help the nodes reach consensus. The designer is capable of changing the weights of certain links. Both the adversary and the designer are constrained by their physical capabilities, e.g., battery life and communication range. To capture such constraints, we allow the adversary and the designer to affect only a fixed number of links at any point in time. The conflicting objectives of the designer and the adversary calls for a game-theoretic formulation to study their interaction.Such a competition between a network designer and an adversary can occur in various practical applications. For example, in a wireless network, the link weights in such a network represent the capacities of the corresponding links. The designer can modify the capacity of a certain link using various communication techniques such as introducing parallel channels between two nodes as in orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) networks [13]. In OFDMA networks, the number of parallel links between two nodes is us...

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“…One of the main advantages of Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) which makes it a good candidate for 4G wireless communication is the large bandwidth. The candidate deployment frequency bands of LTE-A proposed by World Radio Conference in 2007 (WRC07) include 450 MHz -470 MHz, 698 MHz -787 MHz, 790 MHz -862 MHz, 2.3 GHz -2.4 GHz, 3.4 GHz -4.2 GHz, 4.4 GHz -4.99 GHz [1]. LTE-A provides much higher data rate for real-time voice and data transmission than WWAN operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiband LTE-A/WWAN Antenna for a Tablet

Elshennawy¹,

Hashish²,

Attiya³

2015

OJAPr

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In this paper, an internal multiband antenna is proposed for LTE-A/WWAN wireless applications in tablet computer. The proposed antenna is configured to have two branch radiators. These two branch radiators are a U-shaped driven monopole and a nonuniform wrapped inverted U-shaped monopole. The impedance bandwidths across dual operating bands are 89.7 MHz and 4185 MHz at the LTE-A/WWAN bands. Various techniques, such as branching and parasitic element are used to enhance the antenna's bandwidth, the matching, and the size of the proposed antenna. The antenna is presented on an area of 50 × 15 mm 2. Experimental results of this antenna show nearly omni-directional coverage and stable gain variation across the LTE-A/WWAN bands.

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LTE Standards

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Performance Investigation of Peak Shrinking and Interpolating the PAPR Reduction Technique for LTE-Advance and 5G Signals

Performance Investigation of Peak Shrinking and Interpolating the PAPR Reduction Technique for LTE-Advance and 5G Signals

Robust Distributed Averaging: When are Potential-Theoretic Strategies Optimal?

Multiband LTE-A/WWAN Antenna for a Tablet

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