Lubricants and Lubrication

Switchable Substrates for Analyzing and Engineering Cellular Functions

“…According to Bartels et. al 24, five types of biodegradable base stocks are of great importance to the lubricant industry: highly unsaturated or high oleic vegetable oils (HOVOs), low viscosity PAOs, PAGs, dibasic acid esters, and polyol esters, all of which are discussed in the present work. Some of these base stocks are biodegradable, whereas others are not.…”

“…Prior to the use of synthetic lubricants, natural oils from rapeseed and castor beans were used, but their disadvantages hindered their continuous application. Later on, Great Britain adopted diesters for turboprop engines because these materials demonstrate excellent performance over a range of temperatures; however, the high cost associated with diesters led to the introduction of new means of lubrication 22–27.…”

Exploitation of Agro-Industrial Wastes to Produce Low-Cost Microbial Surfactants

“…The lube oil is composed of synthetic base oils (90 %), such as polyalphaolefi n (PAO), polyalkylene glycols, phosphate esters, silicate esters, and synthetic esters, and variety of oil additives (10 %), such as emulsifi ers/demulsifi ers, friction modifi ers, and corrosion inhibitors (Bartels 2005 ). The difference between fresh and used lube oil is that polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are generally undetectable in unused oil while these are abundant in all used lubricating oils.…”

Superlubricity of MoS₂ at Submicron Scale

“…The coefficient of friction of nanoparticles is much smaller than that of the corresponding bulk materials. Nanoparticle can be added to solids and oil to greatly reduce their friction [7]. Moreover, acoustic or sonic lubrication occurs when sound-induced vibration introduces a gap between sliding faces.…”