Lubricating Properties of Diesel Fuel and Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil with Palm Oil Biodiesel Blends Using HFRR Method

Comprehensive analysis of properties of green diesel enhanced by fatty acid methyl esters

“…23 FAME, which is fatty acid methyl esters, has a higher viscosity than BHD, which can impact its lubricating properties. 12,24 However, the presence of polar compounds in FAME, such as carboxylic group of fatty acids, can enhance its lubricating properties, even with the higher viscosity. BHD, on the other hand, has poor lubricating properties due to the removal of sulfur and oxygenated compounds during the hydrogenation process.…”

“…7 While tribological theories have explored the lubricity attributes of fuels derived from plastic pyrolysis oil and waste cooking biodiesel when blended with diesel-palm biodiesel, 8 limited research has specically targeted the augmentation of BHD's lubricating attributes. 7,[9][10][11][12] Hence, the drive for improvement in the bio-hydrogenated diesel (BHD) blend's lubricating properties and overall fuel characteristics remains pivotal. Moreover, tribological investigations into synthetic fuels hold promise for mitigating environmental concerns, extending the lifespan of diesel engines, and curbing the aging and wear of fuel injectors.…”

Influence of Molecular Structure on the Physicochemical and Tribological Properties of Biolubricants: A Review

“…However, articles with GM oils of the 1st generation have been reported, as in the case of high oleic soybean [23,117,118]. The large number of tribological studies carried out on biolubricants formulated from pure oils (triglycerides) is shown in Figure 10b, as well as the use of esters modified using the transesterification technique, such as FAME (biodiesel) or FAAE, which have been shown to have better physicochemical and tribological properties [64,68,69,97,102,103]. Finally, Figure 10c highlights the need to use additives when the biolubricant is formulated from pure oil, with the most studied being CuO and TiO 2 nanoparticles.…”