Lucerne saponins: IV.—Relationship between their chemical constitution, and haemolytic and antifungal activities

Gestetner, B.; Assa, Youla A.; Henis, Y.; Birk, Yehudith; Bondi, A.

doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740220404

Cited by 54 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Because digitonin forms digitonides with sterols in general and not specifically with cholesterol (Gestetner et al, 1971;Takagi et al, 1982), we hypothesized that it could also selectively permeabiiize plant cell plasma membranes. In cells treated with digitonin only, permeabilization of the plasma membrane to IgG molecules was demonstrated by the immunostaining of tubulin, a resident cytosolic protein (Figures 2D and 2H).…”

Section: Oilseed Ils and Cat Are Imported Into The Glyoxysomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oilseed isocitrate lyases lacking their essential type 1 peroxisomal targeting signal are piggybacked to glyoxysomes.

1997

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Arizona 85287-1 601 lsocitrate lyase (IL) is an essential enzyme in the glyoxylate cycle, which is a pathway involved in the mobilization of stored lipids during postgerminative growth of oil-rich seedlings. We determined experimentally the necessary and sufficient peroxisome targeting signals (PTSs) for cottonseed, oilseed rape, and castor bean ILs in a well-characterized in vivo import system, namely, suspension-cultured tobacco (Bright Yellow) BY-2 cells. Results were obtained by comparing immunofluorescence localizations of wild-type and C-terminal-truncated proteins transiently expressed from cDNAs introduced by microprojectile bombardment. The tripeptides ARM-COOH (on cottonseed and castor bean ILs) and SRM-COOH (on oilseed rape IL) were necessary for targeting and actual import of these ILs into glyoxysomes, and ARM-COOH was sufficient for redirecting chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) from the cytosol into the glyoxysomes. Surprisingly, IL and CAT subunits without these tripeptides were still acquired by glyoxysomes, but only when wild-type IL or CAT-SKL subunits, respectively, were simultaneously expressed in the cells. These results reveal that targeting signal-depleted subunits are being piggybacked as multimers to glyoxysomes by association with subunits possessing a PTSl. Targeted multimers are then translocated through membrane pores or channels to the matrix as oligomers or as subunits before reoligomerization in the matrix.

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Section: Oilseed Ils and Cat Are Imported Into The Glyoxysomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oilseed isocitrate lyases lacking their essential type 1 peroxisomal targeting signal are piggybacked to glyoxysomes.

1997

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“…Available phosphorus in the soil was determined by extraction with 0.5 M sodium bicarbonate for 30 min 19 . Saponin content in the roots was estimated at different harvesting periods 20 by using microwaveassisted extraction instead of refluxed extraction. The root powdered material was defatted using petroleum ether and extracted with ethanol, chloroform, and butanol in 20-ml closed vials, which were placed in a mechanically modified microwave oven (ETHOS 1600, Milestone, Sorisole, Italy) and irradiated at 2450 MHz for 10-20 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the saponin was quantified using a colorimetric reaction mixture: dry powder (0.2:1 mg) was dissolved in acetic acid (1.5 ml) to which sulphuric acid (1 ml) was added. The absorbance at 530 nm of the reaction product was determined after 15 min incubation at room temperature 20 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dave¹,

Das²,

Tarafdar³

2011

ScienceAsia

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Safed musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum) contains pharmacologically important steroidal saponins that have attracted pharmacological societies and researchers worldwide. To estimate the beneficial effects of different vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) and C. borivilianum symbiotic association we studied phosphorus uptake, root carbon, spore build up, root dry mass, and saponin accumulation in different harvesting periods. In the VAM colonized roots studied, a significantly higher spore build-up was found in Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae than in the Glomus fasciculatum or non-colonized treatment at the critical growth stage of the species (90 days). However, all the mycorrhizal treatments showed significant increase in phosphorus uptake and root carbon percentage. The results reveal that mycorrhizal fungi substantially enhance the saponin content of C. borivilianum, depending upon the type of VAM fungi supplied. G. mosseae contributed 5 fold (0.56 g to 2.8 g/plant) enhancements in saponin accumulation followed by G. intraradices (0.56 g to 2.7 g/plant) in comparison to non-mycorrhizal plants. After 270 days, saponin content and root growth in all the mycorrhizal inoculated plants was found to be greater than in non-mycorrhizal material. The present study is a first report of an increase in secondary metabolite accumulation and root growth enhancement in C. borivilianum as an effect of mycorrhizal inoculation.

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“…A subpopulação formada pelas agliconas SYOL-A e SYOL-B fica segregada em função da sua baixa capacidade imunoadjuvante e hemolítica. A ausência de atividade hemolítica para saponinas derivadas dos sojassapogenóis A, B e F foi relatada previamente (Gestetner et al, 1971;Oda et al, 2000;Voutquenne et al, 2002) e coincide com a estrutura observada no dendrograma. A ausência de atividade hemolítica em saponinas de soja, tanto mono-quanto bidesmosídicas, sugere que a natureza e o número de açúcares presentes nas cadeias glicosídicas estão subordinados às características estruturais da aglicona.…”

Section: Local De Substituiçãounclassified

Estudo da relação estrutura-atividade de saponinas hemolíticas e/ou imunoadjuvantes mediante uso de análise multivariada

Kaiser¹,

Pavei²,

Ortega³

2010

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

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RESUMO:Entre as diversas atividades biológicas relatadas para as saponinas, merecem destaque aquelas relacionadas ao aumento da resposta imune e a ruptura das membranas dos eritrócitos. No desenvolvimento de vacinas, ambas as propriedades exercem atividades antagônicas, contudo, as informações sobre as relações estrutura-atividade são relativamente escassas e, às vezes, conflitantes. O presente trabalho visa contribuir no estabelecimento das relações estruturais envolvidas com as atividades imunoadjuvante e hemolítica de saponinas triterpênicas. Para isso, foram selecionadas vinte saponinas de estrutura triterpênica, isoladas das espécies Aesculus hippocastanum, Dolichos lablab e Glycine max. A relação entre grupamentos substituintes do anel triterpênico e as atividades biológicas foi estudada mediante análise de agrupamentos e análise de componentes principais. Os resultados confirmam a importância da presença de açúcares em C-3 para a atividade hemolítica. Porém o efeito causado pela presença de uma hidroxila em C-16, de CH 2 OH em C-17, de uma acetila em C-22 e de um grupamento acila em C-21 sobre essa atividade parece ser mais acentuado. Já a presença de uma hidroxila em C-21, de uma metila em C-17 e de dois açúcares ligados à aglicona parece ser determinante para a atividade imunoadjuvante. Além disso, observa-se a existência de uma relação inversa entre as atividades hemolítica e imunoadjuvante.Unitermos: Saponinas, relação estrutura-atividade, atividade imunoadjuvante, atividade hemolítica, análise de agrupamentos, análise de componentes principais.ABSTRACT: "Study of the structure-activity relationship of adjuvant and/or hemolytic saponins by use of multivariate analysis". Among the various biological activities reported for saponins, those related with increase immune response and the destruction of the membrane of red blood cells deserve attention. In the development of vaccines, these properties exert antagonistic activities. However, the information about the structure-activity relationships is relatively scarce and sometimes contradictory. This paper aims to contribute to the establishment of structural relations involved with the hemolytic and adjuvant activities of triterpenic saponins by the analysis of the different groups linked to aglycone, with the use of multivariate statistical techniques. For this, we had twenty triterpenic saponins previously isolated from Aesculus hippocastanum, Dolichos lablab. and Glycine max species. Their adjuvant and hemolytic activities are available in the literature. These saponins were analyzed as groups linked to the triterpenic ring and biological activities resulting in an array of date that was submitted to cluster analysis and principal components analysis. The results confirm the importance of sugars in C-3 for hemolytic activity. However, the effect caused by the presence of a hydroxyl in C-16, CH 2 OH in C-17, acetyl in C-22 and acyl in C-21 on the hemolytic activity seems to be more important. On the other way, the presence of a hydroxyl in C-21, a meth...

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Lucerne saponins: IV.—Relationship between their chemical constitution, and haemolytic and antifungal activities

Cited by 54 publications

References 11 publications

Oilseed isocitrate lyases lacking their essential type 1 peroxisomal targeting signal are piggybacked to glyoxysomes.

Oilseed isocitrate lyases lacking their essential type 1 peroxisomal targeting signal are piggybacked to glyoxysomes.

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Estudo da relação estrutura-atividade de saponinas hemolíticas e/ou imunoadjuvantes mediante uso de análise multivariada

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