Lucidenic acids-rich extract from antlered form of Ganoderma lucidum enhances TNFα induction in THP-1 monocytic cells possibly via its modulation of MAP kinases p38 and JNK

Watanabe, Kenji; Shuto, Tsuyoshi; Sato, Miki; Onuki, Kouhei; Mizunoe, Shota; Suzuki, Shingo; Satō, Takashi; Koga, Tomoaki; Suico, Mary Ann; Kai, Hirofumi; Ikeda, Tsuyoshi

doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.03.108

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Knowing which enzyme involved in enhancement of this activity may enhance ginseng's immunostimulatory effects. Indeed, some components such as lucidenic acids-rich extracts have been found to improve the activity of β -glucans and polysaccharides from mushrooms [41]. Therefore, future work will be focused on identification of an enzyme acting as a negative regulator.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanism of Macrophage Activation by Red Ginseng Acidic Polysaccharide from Korean Red Ginseng

Byeon

Lee

Kim

et al. 2012

Mediators of Inflammation

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Red ginseng acidic polysaccharide (RGAP), isolated from Korean red ginseng, displays immunostimulatory and antitumor activities. Even though numerous studies have been reported, the mechanism as to how RGAP is able to stimulate the immune response is not clear. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism of molecular activation of RGAP in macrophages. RGAP treatment strongly induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells without altering morphological changes, although the activity was not strong compared to LPS-induced dendritic-like morphology in RAW264.7 cells. RGAP-induced NO production was accompanied with enhanced mRNA levels of iNOS and increases in nuclear transcription factors such as NF-κB, AP-1, STAT-1, ATF-2, and CREB. According to pharmacological evaluation with specific enzyme inhibitors, Western blot analysis of intracellular signaling proteins and inhibitory pattern using blocking antibodies, ERK, and JNK were found to be the most important signaling enzymes compared to LPS signaling cascade. Further, TLR2 seems to be a target surface receptor of RGAP. Lastly, macrophages isolated from RGS2 knockout mice or wortmannin exposure strongly upregulated RGAP-treated NO production. Therefore, our results suggest that RGAP can activate macrophage function through activation of transcription factors such as NF-κB and AP-1 and their upstream signaling enzymes such as ERK and JNK.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanism of Macrophage Activation by Red Ginseng Acidic Polysaccharide from Korean Red Ginseng

Byeon

Lee

Kim

et al. 2012

Mediators of Inflammation

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“…Some of them are presented in Figure 3 [ 23 , 30 ]. Some triterpene-rich extracts of G. lucidum contain high amounts of lucidenic acids which can purified from the extract, and exert an immunostimulatory function [ 31 , 32 ]. Several nucleotides and nucleobases were qualitatively identified in the mushroom samples [ 33 ].…”

Section: Composition Of G Lucidummentioning

confidence: 99%

Antitumour, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Antiacetylcholinesterase Effect of Ganoderma Lucidum Terpenoids and Polysaccharides: A Review

2018

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Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) is a popular medicinal mushroom and has been used in oriental medicine because of its promoting effects on health and life expectancy. G. lucidum contains various compounds with a high grade of biological activty, which increase the immunity and show antitumour, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Several of these substances belong to the triterpenoids and polysaccharides classes. Proteins, lipids, phenols, sterols, etc. are also present. In the present review, an extensive overview of the presence of antitumour, antimicrobial, antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterase compounds in G. lucidum extracts will be given, along with an evaluation of their therapeutic effects.

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“…β‐glucan is an effective immunomodulator with anti‐inflammatory properties, and regulates the expression of IL‐1, IL‐10 and interferon‐gamma in the peritonitis model (20). The active component of β‐glucan from Ganoderma lucidum induces the production of TNF‐α and (with lipopolysaccharide) induces TNF‐α production, suggestive of immunostimulatory activity (21). Şener et al.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Polycan, a β‐glucan, on experimental periodontitis and alveolar bone loss in Sprague‐Dawley rats

Kim

Kang

Kim³

et al. 2012

J of Periodontal Research

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Kim YS, Kang SJ, Kim JW, Cho HR, Moon SB, Kim KY, Lee HS, Han CH, Ku SK, Lee YJ. Effects of Polycan, a β‐glucan, on experimental periodontitis and alveolar bone loss in Sprague‐Dawley rats. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 800–810. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective: Polycan is a promising candidate for the treatment of periodontal disease. This study was undertaken to examine whether Polycan, a type of β‐glucan, has a protective effect on ligature‐induced experimental periodontitis and related alveolar bone loss in Sprague‐Dawley rats. Material and Methods: Polycan was orally administered, daily, for 10 d, at 21.25, 42.5 or 85 mg/kg, beginning 1 d after ligation. Changes in body weight and alveolar bone loss were monitored, and the anti‐inflammatory effects of Polycan were determined by measuring the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β) and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) in gingival tissue. We also evaluated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations as a measure of the antioxidant effect. Results: Ligature placement led to a marked decrease in body weight, increased alveolar bone loss and increased concentrations of MPO, IL‐1β, TNF‐α and MDA, as well as increased iNOS activity and inflammatory cell infiltration and decreased collagen‐fiber content. Histological examination revealed increases in the number and activity of osteoclast cells, decreases in alveolar bone volume and elevated percentages of osteclasts on the alveolar bone surface. Daily oral treatment with 42.5 or 85 mg/kg of Polycan for 10 d led to significant, dose‐dependent inhibition of the effect of ligature placement. Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that 10 d of oral treatment with Polycan effectively inhibits ligature placement‐induced periodontitis and related alveolar bone loss via an antioxidant effect.

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Lucidenic acids-rich extract from antlered form of Ganoderma lucidum enhances TNFα induction in THP-1 monocytic cells possibly via its modulation of MAP kinases p38 and JNK

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

Molecular Mechanism of Macrophage Activation by Red Ginseng Acidic Polysaccharide from Korean Red Ginseng

Molecular Mechanism of Macrophage Activation by Red Ginseng Acidic Polysaccharide from Korean Red Ginseng

Antitumour, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Antiacetylcholinesterase Effect of Ganoderma Lucidum Terpenoids and Polysaccharides: A Review

Effects of Polycan, a β‐glucan, on experimental periodontitis and alveolar bone loss in Sprague‐Dawley rats

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