The evolution of medicine has led to the appearance of increasingly invasive surgeries. Inside the spine area was no different. Currently, there are minimally invasive procedures in the spine, and endoscopic spine surgery has been the peak of these procedures. This procedure was initially described for the treatment of lumbar disc herniations, but with the technical improvement, the materials used are already being made for other pathologies such as lumbar stenosis, thoracic disc hernias, spinal infections, posterior cervical decompression, and cervical herniations. It has a long learning curve, but the benefits of endoscopic surgery are remarkable, such as less postoperative pain, less bleeding, smaller scars, lower infection rate, less injury to the operated tissues, and a return to earlier work activities, among others. In this way, we must follow the evolution of medicine with the learning of these new techniques.