Luminescence and energy transfer of Tm/Tb/Mn tri-doped phosphate glass for white light-emitting diodes

Color‐tunable and white emission of Tm3+ doped transparent zinc silicate glass‐ceramics embedding ZnO nanocrystals

“…(a) The excited electrons directly transfer to 3 F 4 level with radiation of wavelength 453 nm ( 1 D 2 → 3 F 4 ). (b) A few electrons relax to lower energy level 1 G 4 by nonradiative relaxation, and then transfer to the ground states, emitting 478 nm luminescence ( 1 G 4 → 3 H 6 ) . The first pathway is the dominant one in the present system due to the sharp and strong emission peak at 453 nm.…”

“…PL spectra upon excitation at 360 nm of ZAS: 0.05 Tm 3+ glass and glass‐ceramics embedding ZnO nanocrystals with different heat treatment periods are shown in Figure . For ZAS: 0.05 Tm 3+ glass without heat treatment and heat‐treated for 5 minutes, a strong narrow blue peak located at 453 nm derived from the 1 D 2 → 3 F 4 transition of Tm 3+ together with a weak shoulder at 478 nm coming from 1 G 4 → 3 H 6 transition of Tm 3+ are observed . This demonstrates the Tm 3+ ions are doped in the glass and glass‐ceramic.…”

“…On the other hand, rare earth (RE) ions, which possess 4f → 4f transition with narrow and strong band emission, have been widely used to gain abundant emission colors . Among RE ions, Tm 3+ has attracted much attention recently because it provides blue luminescence with appropriate lifetime and color‐rendering properties . It is well known that yellow and blue lights in appropriate proportions could generate white light .…”

“…10,11 Among RE ions, Tm 3+ has attracted much attention recently because it provides blue luminescence with appropriate lifetime and color-rendering properties. [12][13][14][15] It is well known that yellow and blue lights in appropriate proportions could generate white light. 12,13,16 Considering that the efficient white luminescence significantly depends on the yellow-to-blue intensity ratio, white light is expected to be generated by adjusting the heat treatment condition, pumping source and RE ion doping content, which are the key factors that affect the yellow emission from ZnO as well as blue emission of Tm 3+ ions.…”

Tunable luminescence and temperature sensing behavior of Tb3+/Eu3+ co-doped borate glasses

“…occurs. The fluorescence lifetime of glass samples can be calculated by the following equation [21]:…”