Using the hydrothermal technique, we synthesised ZnS and Ce-doped ZnS nanoparticles with various doping concentrations (0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 wt.%). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that pure ZnS nanoparticles exhibited a cubic phase, but when doped with Ce, the phase changed to wurtzite. The phase transition in the doped ZnS nanoparticles was also verified by Raman spectroscopy. In the photoluminescence (PL) spectra, however, no transitions matching to the dopant were identified, the overall luminous behaviour of the nanoparticles may still be influenced by the luminescence of the host material. Morphological examinations were carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which revealed information about the size, shape, and distribution of the nanoparticles. The presence of Ce was further confirmed by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). The visible light photocatalytic activity of the nanoparticles was examined, and it was observed that the photocatalytic efficiency initially increased with doping concentration and then decreased. For 99% degradation efficiency, a doping concentration of 1% was determined to be optimal. The success of the synthesis and characterisation of Ce-doped ZnS nanoparticles is highlighted in this work, which demonstrates their phase change, shape, elemental composition, and photocatalytic activity. the findings give important insights into the possible uses of these nanoparticles in photocatalysis and other domains like optoelectronics.