“…During the Holocene humid phase or humid optimum (c. 10-7 ka cal BP, Haynes, 1982;de Menocal, 2000;Gehlen et al, 2002;Linstädter and Kröpelin, 2004;Kuper, 2006;Bubenzer and Riemer, 2007), runoff after annual precipitation amounts of 50-100 mm and intermediate short deflation phases (Bubenzer and Hilgers, 2003;Bubenzer et al, 2007b) shaped the draa into the present whalebacks (after Bagnold, 1941Bagnold, , 1953. Runoff from the slightly consolidated draa surfaces and seepage at their bases supplied water for shallow episodic or seasonal ponds and lakes in shallow depressions of the interdraa corridors, where playa sediments were deposited (comp.…”