“…Traditionally based on gold nanoparticles (as known from pregnancy tests, for example), rare earth polystyrene and PMMA particles (beads) are increasingly emerging as notably more sensitive substitutes ( Rundstrom et al, 2007 ; Juntunen et al, 2012 ; Ham et al, 2015 ; Song et al, 2015 ; Zhang et al, 2015 ; Shao et al, 2017 ; Salminen et al, 2019 ; Natarajan and Joseph, 2022 ) and are also applied to tackle the recent threat of COVID-19 ( Feng et al, 2020 ). Prominent complexes used are aromatic diketonates like tris(2-thenoyl-3,3,3-trifluoroacetone)Eu(III)-di(tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide), Eu(ttfa) 3 (TOPO) 2 ( Aikawa et al, 2016 ), and tris(1-(2-Naphthoyl)-3,3,3-trifluoroacetone)Europium(III)-di(tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide), Eu(ntfa) 3 (TOPO) 2 ( Huhtinen et al, 2008 ; Li et al, 2013 ; Shin et al, 2016 ); in these complexes the coordination of TOPO is granting high concentrations in the polymers.…”