“…While the aforementioned principles still apply, nanoparticle scintillators have their own sets of rules for synthesis and luminescent properties. Nanomaterials have expanded the possibilities for X-ray luminescence uses in high-energy physics and medical imaging, providing a large portfolio of compositions including composite films, vitroceramics, thin films, coordination compounds, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and organic-inorganic hybrid materials (Cooper, Bekah, & Nadeau, 2014;Hamieh, Dorkenoo, Taupier, Henry, & Halley, 2017;Pereira, Martin, Levinta, & Dujardin, 2015;Vistovskyy et al, 2014;Vistovskyy et al, 2016;Wahid, Pokhrel, & Mao, 2017). Even pure metals and semiconductors, which usually do not function as X-ray scintillators, may function as such if formed into nanoparticles (Brus, 1984;Paillard et al, 1999;Yuan et al, 2013).…”