“…For all the developed glasses, the branching ratio (β R ) value is greater than 80%, and an emission cross-section (ẟ E ) as high as 135.82×10 −23 cm 2 was realized. These values are higher than the reported values of 55% and 88×10 −25 cm 2 s −1 , respectively, in the case of the Sm 3+ activated metal fluorophosphate glass system [ 70 ]. The revealed higher β R and ẟ E values indicate the ability of the glasses to favour stimulated emission, an essential property required for lasing application [ 71 ].…”