Luminescent Sensor with High Sensitivity and Selectivity for Amikacin Detection in a Serum using a Unique Gallium–Organic Framework

Abstract

Amikacin is a widely used antibiotic in the treatment of Gram-negative bacteria, but high concentrations of amikacin can cause cochlear nerve damage. Therefore, accurate and quick detection of the concentration of amikacin is desired and important. In this work, we have synthesized a new gallium− organic framework {[(CH 3 ) 2 (NH 2 )Ga(PPTA)]•0.5DMF} n (1) (H 4 PPTA = 4,4′,4″,4″′-(1-4-phenlene-bis(pyridine-4,2,6-triyl)) with good solvent and pH stabilities. A structure analysis reveals that 1 is a twofold interpenetrated framework exhibiting a large 1D square aperture with a size of 10.8 Å × 14 Å. The experimental results show that 1 can be used as a stable, fast, and recyclable luminescent probe for the detection of amikacin in aqueous solution and serum. The limit of detection is 2.9 × 10 −7 mol/L, which is lower than the harmful concentration of amikacin in human serum. This is the first example of a metal−organic framework used for luminescence sensing of amikacin.

Nanoporous Lanthanide-Based MOFs for Catalyzing the Cycloaddition of CO2 and the Knoevenagel Condensation

“…To verify the theoretical calculation, the catalytic performances of other rare earths were performed (Table S10), which was basically consistent with the order of strength and weakness of binding energy. In addition, it is worth mentioning that NUC-110Gd owns better catalysis than most retrievable metal–organic frameworks, for instance, Knoevenagel condensation PCN-222-Co@Tpra-1, Sm-BDC-NH 2 , and­[Zn 2 (TCA)­(BIB) 2.5 ]·(NO 3 ) (Table S8). Furthermore, 4-cyanophenylacetonitrile (or cyanoacetamide) was taken as the substrate to condense with benzaldehyde, which under the optimal reaction conditions led to a lower yield.…”

“…Furthermore, 4-cyanophenylacetonitrile (or cyanoacetamide) was taken as the substrate to condense with benzaldehyde, which under the optimal reaction conditions led to a lower yield. In terms of related studies, , this should be due to the fact that the p K a values of 4-cyanophenylacetonitrile (16.0) and cyanoacetamide (13.5) are larger than that of malononitrile (11.0), as shown in Table S13.…”

Robust Nitro-Functionalized {Zn3}-Organic Framework for Excellent Catalytic Performance on Cycloaddition Reaction of CO2 with Epoxides and Knoevenagel Condensation

“…Since the recyclability of one emerged catalyst is an important indicator, − the consecutive experiments under the optimized reaction conditions were carried out by using PO as the model substrate. The yield results of PC product catalyzed by repeatedly used NUC-80a are shown in Figure S19, which exhibited that the yield of PC product had a slight downward trend with the increase of cycle time, which might be caused by the loss and contamination of the catalyst in the process of centrifugal separation, cleaning, drying, and transfer. − However, the very slow catalytic deactivation performance of NUC-80a during performed five-cycle experiments proved that it could be recovered and used repeatedly.…”

Fluorescence sensing and device fabrication with luminescent metal–organic frameworks

“…Zhao and co-workers synthesized a two-fold interpenetrated MOF with the formula {[(CH 3 ) 2 (NH 2 )Ga(PPTA)]·0.5DMF} n , which can be used as an excellent sensor for sensing amikacin. 87 The MOF can sensitively detect amikacin in aqueous solution and serum with a detection limit of 0.29 μM, which is lower than the pathogenic concentration (59.7 μM) in humans. The quenching mechanism of dynamic and static joints can be described as that some uncoordinated CO groups in the MOF interact with the hydroxyl or amino sites of amikacin to form hydrogen bonds, and then the absorbed light energy will be transferred to amikacin and further converted into vibration energy, resulting in reduced luminous intensity.…”