Luminous efficiency functions determined by successive brightness matching

Ikeda, Mitsuo; Shimozono, Hiroaki

doi:10.1364/josa.68.001767

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The observer attempted to ignore the colour in making the luminance judgements, which were both highly consistent between the two observers and well predicted from the motion data. Ikeda & Shimozono (1978) have shown that observers can make accurate heterochromatic luminance settings with square-wave flicker as low as 2 Hz, even though chromatic flicker is present.…”

Section: Relative Temporal Phase Response Of S and L Cones In Motion mentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of human short‐wave cones to luminance and motion detection.

Lee

Stromeyer

1989

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Human short-wave S cone signals are important for colour vision and here we examine whether the S cone signals also contribute to motion and luminance.2. Detection was measured with moving patterns that selectively stimulated S cones -violet sine-wave gratings of 1 cycle deg-' on an intense yellowish field. For rates up to 12 Hz, detection was governed by non-directional mechanisms, possibly of a chromatic nature, as shown by three findings: moving gratings had to be suprathreshold for their direction to be identified; the threshold ratio of counterphase flickering versus moving gratings was low; and direction-selective adaptation was essentially absent. 3. Evidence for less sensitive, directional mechanisms includes the following: at high velocity, the direction of movement of the violet gratings can be identified just slightly above the detection threshold; directional adaptation was strong with a suprathreshold test pattern; velocity was seen veridically for clearly suprathreshold patterns; and a counterphase flickering test, added in spatial-temporal quadrature phase to a similar suprathreshold mask, had identical detection and directionidentification thresholds.4. Interactions of long-wave L cone and S cone signals in direction-selective mechanisms were measured with an orange counterphase grating and a violet counterphase test, both flickering at the same rate and presented in spatial quadrature phase on the yellowish adapting field. Direction identification thresholds, measured as a function of the temporal phase of two gratings, demonstrated both that the S cone signal lags considerably behind the L cone signal (an effect that strongly varies with S cone light adaptation), and more strikingly, the S cone signal summates with a negative sign and thus is effectively inverted in direction-selective mechanisms.5. Quantitatively similar temporal phase functions were obtained with uniform violet and orange flicker when a luminance discrimination criterion was used: thus the S cone signal summates negatively with the L cone signal for both discrimination of luminance flicker and the direction of motion.6. The temporal phase functions accurately predicted threshold summation for * To whom correspondence should be sent. J. LEE AND C. F. STROMEYER IIIidentifying the direction of motion of a pair of violet and orange gratings moving with the same velocity but with different spatial phase offsets. Once the relative temporal phase lag of the S cones was compensated for, there was linear threshold summation for the violet and orange patterns when presented in effective (physiological) spatial antiphase, and clear cancellation when presented in phase. This and related experiments show a linear summation of S, M and L cone signals for direction detection, with the S cones having a negative sign. The luminance contrast sensitivity is very high for the spectrally long-wave member of the pair of gratings (300-500 at 8 Hz), suggesting that the patterns are detected with high-contrastsensitivity mechanisms such as ...

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Section: Relative Temporal Phase Response Of S and L Cones In Motion mentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of human short‐wave cones to luminance and motion detection.

Lee

Stromeyer

1989

The Journal of Physiology

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“…These measures have been described thoroughly elsewhere; Pages successive heterochromatic brightness matching has been described by Ikeda and Shimozono (1978) and the other techniques by Wyszecki and Stiles (1982). The resulting relative sensitivity functions derived from these methods fall generally into two categories.…”

Section: F = S 683 Y(kw(l)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore I decided to investigate luminous efficiency functions at high intensities using two psychophysical techniques: One that is representative of the visual performance based on achromatic system alone, namely flicker photometry and one that would tap into both the achromatic and chromatic systems, successive heterochromatic brightness matching. Successive heterochromatic brightness matching is felt to produce similar results to the traditional bipartite heterochromatic brightness matching and has the advantage of using the same apparatus as flicker photometry (Ikeda and Shimozono, 1978). The major goal was to compare results of the 2 methods directly, using the same optical system and subjects in order to explore how luminance efficiency functions change with increasing intensity so that we can better predict the visual perception of spectrally narrow and bright light sources.…”

Section: F = S 683 Y(kw(l)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Luminous Efficiency Functions at Higher Intensities

Harrington¹

2004

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Public reporting burden for this coliection of Information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, Including the time for reviewing Instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. heterochromatic brightness matching, were used to measure changes in luminance efficiency functions with increasing levels of light adaptation. Both measurement techniques were performed using the same optical system and the same seven healthy adults as subjects. Measurements were taken at four reference stimulus intensities, 1,10, 100 and 1000 foot-lamberts. Luminous efficiency was found to depend on both the technique and the reference stimulus intensity with which the measurements were taken.For heterochromatic brightness matching, luminous efficiency increased for longer wavelengths as reference intensity increased. Peak luminous efficiency shifted from approximately 540nm to greater than 600nm with increasing intensity for all seven subjects. Peak luminous efficiency was constant for flicker photometry across all intensities but the function narrowed slightly at 100 foot-lamberts. AbstractTwo psychophysical measurement techniques, flicker photometry and successive heterochromatic brightness matching, were used to measure changes in luminance efficiency functions with increasing levels of light adaptation. Both measurement techniques were performed using the same optical system and the same seven healthy adults as subjects. Measurements were taken at four reference stimulus intensities, 1,10, 100 and 1000 foot-lamberts. Luminous efficiency was found to depend on both the technique and the reference stimulus intensity with which the measurements were taken.For heterochromatic brightness matching, luminous efficiency increased for longer wavelengths as reference intensity increased. Peak luminous efficiency shifted from approximately 540nm to greater than 600nm with increasing intensity for all seven subjects. Peak luminous efficiency was constant for flicker photometry across all intensities but the function narrowed slightly at 100 foot-lamberts.

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“…In the HFP task, subjects viewed a stimulus flickering between red and green (both in the absence and in the presence of surrounding black/white stimuli) and adjusted the relative luminance of the two colors until the percept of flicker was least salient. [7][8][9] In the MDB task, subjects viewed red and green stimuli placed in spatial juxtaposition (both in the absence and in the presence of surrounding black/white stimuli) and adjusted the relative luminance of the two colors until the border between them was least salient. 10 Note that unlike for HBM, for HFP and MDB the subject's task does not involve comparing any property of the red versus green stimulus per se.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction effects for heterochromatic brightness matching, heterochromatic flicker photometry, and minimally distinct border: implications for the neural mechanisms underlying induction

Gunther

Dobkins

2005

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A

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Brightness induction refers to the finding that the apparent brightness of a stimulus changes when surrounded by a black versus a white stimulus. In the current study, we investigated the effects of black/white surrounding stimuli on settings made between red and green stimuli on three different tasks: heterochromatic brightness matching (HBM), heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP), and minimally distinct border (MDB). For HBM, subjects varied the relative luminance between the red and green stimuli so that the brightness of the two colors appeared equal. For the two other tasks, matches were made based on minimizing red/green flicker (HFP) or the saliency of a red/green border (MDB). For all three tasks, the presence of black/white surrounding stimuli significantly altered red/green settings, demonstrating the existence of induction effects. These results are discussed in terms of which underlying color pathways (L+ M versus L-M) may contribute to induction effects for the different tasks.

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Luminous efficiency functions determined by successive brightness matching

Cited by 26 publications

References 13 publications

Contribution of human short‐wave cones to luminance and motion detection.

Contribution of human short‐wave cones to luminance and motion detection.

Luminous Efficiency Functions at Higher Intensities

Induction effects for heterochromatic brightness matching, heterochromatic flicker photometry, and minimally distinct border: implications for the neural mechanisms underlying induction

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