Lumped element model for arbitrarily shaped integrated inductors &amp;#x2014; A statistical analysis

Passos, Fábio; Fino, M. Helena; Roca, E.; Gonzalez-Echevarria, R.; Fernandez, F.V.

doi:10.1109/comcas.2013.6685307

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The initial strategy to build the model was to create a surrogate model valid in the complete design space using the entire training set. The main objective was to develop two different models (one for predicting inductance and another for quality factor) that were valid for inductors with any given number of turns N, inner diameter D in and turn width w. The technology selected was a 0.35µm CMOS technology, for which the process information required for EM simulation was available, and the variables were allowed to vary in the following ranges: NÎ [1,8], D in Î[10, 300]µm, w Î [5,25]µm, under the constraint that D out <400µm. The spacing between turns s was kept fixed at the minimum value (s=2.5µm) as no performance improvement is obtained for larger values.…”

Section: Proposed Modeling Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radio-frequency inductor synthesis using evolutionary computation and Gaussian-process surrogate modeling

Passos

Roca

Castro-López

et al. 2017

Applied Soft Computing

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In recent years, the application of evolutionary computation techniques to electronic circuit design problems, ranging from digital to analog and radiofrequency circuits, has received increasing attention. The level of maturity runs inversely to the complexity of the design task, less complex in digital circuits, higher in analog ones and still higher in radiofrequency circuits. Radiofrequency inductors are key culprits of such complexity. Their key performance parameters are inductance and quality factors, both a function of the frequency. The inductor optimization requires knowledge of such parameters at a few representative frequencies. Most common approaches for optimization-based radiofrequency circuit design use analytical models for the inductors. Although a lot of effort has been devoted to improve the accuracy of such analytical models, errors in inductance and quality factor in the range of 5% to 25% are usual and it may go as high as 200% for some device sizes. When the analytical models are used in optimization-based circuit design approaches, these errors lead to suboptimal results, or, worse, to a disastrous non-fulfilment of specifications. Expert inductor designers rely on iterative evaluations with electromagnetic simulators, which, properly configured, are able to yield a highly accurate performance evaluation. Unfortunately, electromagnetic simulations typically take from some tens of seconds to a few hours, hampering their coupling to evolutionary computation algorithms. Therefore, analytical models and electromagnetic simulation represent extreme cases of the accuracy-efficiency trade-off in performance evaluation of radiofrequency inductors. Surrogate modeling strategies arise as promising candidates to improve such trade-off. However, obtaining the necessary accuracy is not that easy as inductance and quality factor at some representative frequencies must be obtained and both performances change abruptly around the self-resonance frequency, which is particular to each device and may be located above or below the frequencies of interest. Both, offline and online training methods will be considered in this work and a new two-step strategy for inductor modeling is proposed that significantly improves the accuracy of offline methods. The new strategy is demonstrated and compared for both, singleobjective and multi-objective optimization scenarios. Numerous experimental results show that the proposed two-step approach outperforms simpler application strategies of surrogate modelling techniques, getting comparable performances to approaches based on electromagnetic simulation but with orders of magnitude less computational effort.

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Section: Proposed Modeling Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to reduce the computational effort in the RF design process, designers have developed physical/analytical equivalent models [5]- [7]. However, these models fail to accurately model the complete useful region of the inductor design space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radio-frequency inductor synthesis using evolutionary computation and Gaussian-process surrogate modeling

Passos

Roca

Castro-López

et al. 2017

Applied Soft Computing

Self Cite

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“…A detailed explanation on how to evaluate L s may is presented in [10]. For the remaining elements analytical expressions may be obtained in [11].…”

Section: Integrated Inductor Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, with a wider metal, the parasitic capacitances and fringing capacitances tend to increase and again, induce higher errors. Since this model is to be integrated into an optimization based design tool, the validity of the model along the overall design space was performed through a statistical analysis [11].…”

Section: Integrated Inductor Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Objective Optimization Methodology for the Design of RF Integrated Inductors

Passos¹,

Fino²,

Roca³

2014

Technological Innovation for Collective Awareness Systems

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Part 20: Electronics: RF ApplicationsInternational audienceDesigning integrated inductors for RF applications is quite a challenging task due to the necessity of minimizing the parasitic effects arising from using today’s technologies. The multiplicity of non-ideal effects to be minimized makes imperious the use of optimization-based design methodologies. In this paper a model-based optimization methodology is considered as a way of offering the designer the possibility to obtain inductors with maximum quality factor. The inductor model accounts for square, hexagonal or octagonal topologies. Furthermore tapered inductors are also accounted for in the proposed model. The use of the inductor model reduces the optimization time significantly. The validity of the results obtained is checked against electromagnetic (EM) simulations. As an application example, the particular case for the design of inductors for 2.4 GHz is illustrated

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“…From it is known that at frequencies below the first meander's SRF the meander's equivalent circuit is a parallel resonant circuit [9] (see Fig. 5).…”

Section: The Inductors Geometric Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Frequency Properties of RF Planar Passive Components

Shlykevich

Bystricky²,

Blecha³

2016

Period. Polytech. Elec. Eng. Comp. Sci.

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Keywords interdigital capacitor (IDC), planar inductor, screen printing technology, polymer films, resonant circuits, resonant frequency IntroductionThe fast growing of the wireless market has created an urgent demand for smaller and cheaper handsets with increased functionality and performance while still meeting the tight constraints for mass production within a short product life cycle. Due to economic aspects, there is a necessity of cheap production of highfrequency components with the specified parameters. In particular, it is also actually for the wireless identification devices.Many transmission lines and waveguides have been used for microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies. Among them, the rectangular waveguide, coaxial line, and microstrip line are the most commonly used [1]. This article investigates the passive planar components that may be used in particular in passive RFID tags. The authors had a task to make a resonant circuit with an operating frequency of 100 MHz. Moreover, its maximum dimensions should not be more than ID1 (85.6×53.98 mm) format according to ISO / IEC 7810 and technology should provide the minimum cost of the finished product.Previous research has demonstrated various technologies applicable to the planar components manufacture. This article describes the passive elements manufactured by the photolithography technology as the most wide-spread and screen printing technology [2] which allows maximum reduce the cost of the finished product [3]. Also, screen printing provides a wide range of substrate materials (including paper, fabric) [4].The basic structure of a capacitor with two electrodes is shown in (a) Fig. 1. Interdigital capacitors (IDC) as lumped circuit elements in RF circuits can be used. IDC represent a multifinger periodic structure as shown in (b) Fig. 1. IDC use the capacitance that occurs across a narrow gap between thin-film conductors. These gaps are essentially very long and folded to use a small amount of area. IDC has a larger size compared with the overlay capacitor (see (a) Fig. 1) with the same capacitance value. The quality factor for such type capacitor is higher than that for overlay capacitors [3 pp. 229-230].The total capacitance C 0 of an interdigital structure (see (b) Fig. 1) depends on finger length l, finger width w and finger spacing s. When s=w, capacitance C 0 can be calculated according to [4 p. 60] by the Eq. (1):

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Lumped element model for arbitrarily shaped integrated inductors — A statistical analysis

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Radio-frequency inductor synthesis using evolutionary computation and Gaussian-process surrogate modeling

Radio-frequency inductor synthesis using evolutionary computation and Gaussian-process surrogate modeling

Single-Objective Optimization Methodology for the Design of RF Integrated Inductors

High Frequency Properties of RF Planar Passive Components

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