Lung cancer associated with combustion particles and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) - The roles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)

An Overview of Adverse Outcome Pathway Links between PM2.5 Exposure and Cardiac Developmental Toxicity

“…33−39 AhR served as a crucial environmental sensor and transcription factor, activated by a wide range of environmental chemicals, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the primary toxic component of PM 2.5 . 40,41 Some data illustrated the activation of AhR induced by PM 2.5 in vitro and in vivo models (Table S2). It was reported that EOM enhanced the activation of AhR in zebrafish embryos and murine P19 embryonal carcinoma cells.…”

“…Activation of AhR occurred upon ligand binding. Studies indicated that AhR knockout rats, mice, and fish exhibited a range of developmental abnormalities and long-term health effects. − Hyperactivation of the AhR led to embryonic lethality or severed developmental defects in multiple tissues, including the kidney, palate, teeth, prostate, lung, heart, and vasculature. − AhR served as a crucial environmental sensor and transcription factor, activated by a wide range of environmental chemicals, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the primary toxic component of PM 2.5 . , Some data illustrated the activation of AhR induced by PM 2.5 in vitro and in vivo models (Table S2). It was reported that EOM enhanced the activation of AhR in zebrafish embryos and murine P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. ,− ,− Some strong AhR agonists like 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD) and 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) were shown to induce cardiac malformations in zebrafish embryos. − Additionally, folic acid and resveratrol were found to protect against EOM-induced heart defects by inhibiting AhR activity and reducing ROS production .…”

Contemporary Concise Review 2023: Environmental and occupational lung diseases

“…Air pollution is the second highest risk factor for lung cancer and accounts for 19% of lung cancer‐related deaths 46 . PM 2.5 contributes to the majority of air pollution and increases the risk of lung cancer independent of smoking history, and 47–51 an increase of 10 μg/m 3 in ambient PM 2.5 level increases the lung cancer mortality risk by 15%–27% 48,52,53 . The gene–environment contributes to susceptibility to PM 2.5 54,55 , however, the molecular mechanisms are unclear.…”

Numerical and Experimental Reconstruction of Temperature Distribution and Soot Concentration Field for Thin-Slice Flames Using a Charge Coupled Device Camera

“…With the continuous development of the economy and society, combustion, as a primary type of energy utilization, has been extensively applied in various professions [1][2][3][4]. New technologies and achievements are emerging in various combustion fields.…”