Lung cancer in chrysotile asbestos workers: analyses based on the two-stage clonal expansion model

Richardson, David B.

doi:10.1007/s10552-009-9297-z

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…. Details can be found in the published literature . The parameters of the model are treated as functions of the exposures of interest, in this case the concentration of REC.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They used logistic regression models with time‐related factors being modeled by cubic splines modifying the impact of pack‐years of smoking on the risk of lung cancer. A more biologically motivated approach is based on concepts of multistage carcinogenesis . These ideas have a long history .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A more biologically motivated approach is based on concepts of multistage carcinogenesis. (19)(20)(21) These ideas have a long history. (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27) In this approach, parametric hazard functions derived from multistage models of carcinogenesis that explicitly incorporate patterns of exposure are used to directly estimate the hazard functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diesel Engine Exhaust and Lung Cancer Mortality: Time‐Related Factors in Exposure and Risk

et al. 2015

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To develop a quantitative exposure-response relationship between concentrations and durations of inhaled diesel engine exhaust (DEE) and increases in lung cancer risks, we examined the role of temporal factors in modifying the estimated effects of exposure to DEE on lung cancer mortality and characterized risk by mine type in the Diesel Exhaust in Miners Study (DEMS) cohort, which followed 12,315 workers through December 1997. We analyzed the data using parametric functions based on concepts of multistage carcinogenesis to directly estimate the hazard functions associated with estimated exposure to a surrogate marker of DEE, respirable elemental carbon (REC). The REC-associated risk of lung cancer mortality in DEMS is driven by increased risk in only one of four mine types (limestone), with statistically significant heterogeneity by mine type and no significant exposure-response relationship after removal of the limestone mine workers. Temporal factors, such as duration of exposure, play an important role in determining the risk of lung cancer mortality following exposure to REC, and the relative risk declines after exposure to REC stops. There is evidence of effect modification of risk by attained age. The modifying impact of temporal factors and effect modification by age should be addressed in any quantitative risk assessment (QRA) of DEE. Until there is a better understanding of why the risk appears to be confined to a single mine type, data from DEMS cannot reliably be used for QRA.

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“…. Details can be found in the published literature . The parameters of the model are treated as functions of the exposures of interest, in this case the concentration of REC.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diesel Engine Exhaust and Lung Cancer Mortality: Time‐Related Factors in Exposure and Risk

et al. 2015

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“…Further, although fraught with uncertainty, the dose extrapolations are also consistent with a linear dose-response for the interactive risk. Recent models also suggest that attained age is an important risk modifier, at least in the case of chrysotile asbestos exposure (Richardson, 2009). While the precise mechanisms of action of asbestos acting as a lung carcinogen either alone or in combination with tobacco smoke exposure remain unclear, recent molecular investigations are beginning to suggest fruitful avenues for research (Heintz et al, 2010).…”

Section: Lung Carcinomas—epigenetic and Genetic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary Endpoints (Lung Carcinomas and Asbestosis) Following Inhalation Exposure to Asbestos

Mossman

Lippmann

Hesterberg

et al. 2011

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

190

164

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Lung carcinomas and pulmonary fibrosis (asbestosis) occur in asbestos workers. Understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases is complicated because of potential confounding factors, such as smoking, which is not a risk factor in mesothelioma. The modes of action (MOA) of various types of asbestos in the development of lung cancers, asbestosis, and mesotheliomas appear to be different. Moreover, asbestos fibers may act differentially at various stages of these diseases, and have different potencies as compared to other naturally occurring and synthetic fibers. This literature review describes patterns of deposition and retention of various types of asbestos and other fibers after inhalation, methods of translocation within the lung, and dissolution of various fiber types in lung compartments and cells in vitro. Comprehensive dose-response studies at fiber concentrations inhaled by humans as well as bivariate size distributions (lengths and widths), types, and sources of fibers are rarely defined in published studies and are needed. Species-specific responses may occur. Mechanistic studies have some of these limitations, but have suggested that changes in gene expression (either fiber-catalyzed directly or by cell elaboration of oxidants), epigenetic changes, and receptor-mediated or other intracellular signaling cascades may play roles in various stages of the development of lung cancers or asbestosis.

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“…Many studies have been conducted worldwide to investigate the adverse effects of exposure to asbestos dust on human health since the early twentieth century (e.g., Levine, 1985;Corn, 1991;Dement, 1991;Dopp and Schiffmann, 1998;Ni et al, 2000;Lohani et al, 2003;Berry and Gibbs, 2008;Richardson, 2009;Pesch et al, 2010). The results indicated that asbestos poses a serious potential health risk resulting from occupational exposure to asbestos dust during mining, milling, manufacturing, installation, and post-use abatement activities .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne Crocidolite Asbestos Fibers in Indoor and Outdoor Air in a Rural Area, China

Wei

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Forty-eight air samples were collected in a rural area of China. The concentrations of asbestos fibers in the samples were determined by phase contrast microscopy and scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy-dispersion X-ray analysis. The mean concentrations of asbestos fibers in indoor and outdoor air samples were 0.0038 and 0.0037 f/mL, respectively. The fiber concentration was higher in areas in which outcrop crocidolite asbestos is present in the soil than in areas lacking this feature. Airborne asbestos fibers in the study area might be attributable to the weathering of natural outcrop crocidolite asbestos and the impact of human activities on crocidolite asbestos-containing soils. About 50% of the total asbestos fibers in both indoor and outdoor air samples were ≥ 5 to ≤ 10 µm long. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the crocidolite asbestos fibers were mostly thinner than 0.25 μm. At present, asbestos-containing soils are rarely used to produce asbestos stoves, pave roads, construct houses, or paint walls. However, asbestos fibers are continuously released into the air from these soils, due to natural weathering and human activities, and local residents are thus exposed to asbestos fibers throughout their lifetimes, and thus their health might be adversely affected by long-term inhalation of the fibers.

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Lung cancer in chrysotile asbestos workers: analyses based on the two-stage clonal expansion model

Abstract: The TSCE model fits these data well, accommodating the observed departure from the proportional hazards assumption. These analyses suggest that the effect of chrysotile asbestos exposure on lung cancer risk varies with attained age.

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Diesel Engine Exhaust and Lung Cancer Mortality: Time‐Related Factors in Exposure and Risk

Diesel Engine Exhaust and Lung Cancer Mortality: Time‐Related Factors in Exposure and Risk

Pulmonary Endpoints (Lung Carcinomas and Asbestosis) Following Inhalation Exposure to Asbestos

Airborne Crocidolite Asbestos Fibers in Indoor and Outdoor Air in a Rural Area, China

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