Lung cancer in Victoria: are we making progress?

Mitchell, Paul; Thursfield, Vicky; Ball, David; Richardson, Gary; Irving, Louis; Torn-Broers, Yvonne; Giles, Graham G.; Wright, Gavin

doi:10.5694/mja13.10331

Cited by 50 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Unlike others5 6 but consistent with some NSW studies,10 33 though not all,34 we did not find that socioeconomic status affected the hazard of dying from lung cancer. We also found, as have other Australian9–11 31 and UK studies,7 that there were higher hazards of death in patients with any comorbidity,8 those without histological confirmation35 and patients who were admitted through the emergency department 36…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…A recent lung cancer audit in Victoria, Australia, found that multidisciplinary team management of lung cancer patients, which is most likely to be available in specialist centres, was an independent predictor of receiving guideline based treatment and of a lower hazard of death 31. Specialised facilities and practices are less likely to be available in general hospitals, which tend to be outer urban or rural and to serve smaller, less dense populations 32…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survival of Australian lung cancer patients and the impact of distance from and attendance at a thoracic specialist centre: a data linkage study

Tracey

McCaughan

Badgery‐Parker

et al. 2014

Thorax

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of Australian lung cancer patients and the impact of distance from and attendance at a thoracic specialist centre: a data linkage study

Tracey

McCaughan

Badgery‐Parker

et al. 2014

Thorax

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“…A US study among 500000 people found a 30% higher incidence of lung cancer in women never smokers compared with men never smokers 19. An Australian study found the proportion of patients with lung cancer who had never smoked was approximately 18% in women and 3% of men 20. The reasons for this sex difference are not clear, but women may have increased exposure to environmental tobacco smoke21 or other environmental carcinogens such as indoor air pollution22 or sex-related differences in the metabolism of environmental carcinogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking as a risk factor for lung cancer in women and men: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2018

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ObjectivesTo investigate the sex-specific association between smoking and lung cancer.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesWe searched PubMed and EMBASE from 1 January 1999 to 15 April 2016 for cohort studies. Cohort studies before 1 January 1999 were retrieved from a previous meta-analysis. Individual participant data from three sources were also available to supplement analyses of published literature.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesCohort studies reporting the sex-specific relative risk (RR) of lung cancer associated with smoking.ResultsData from 29 studies representing 99 cohort studies, 7 million individuals and >50 000 incident lung cancer cases were included. The sex-specific RRs and their ratio comparing women with men were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis with inverse-variance weighting. The pooled multiple-adjusted lung cancer RR was 6.99 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 5.09 to 9.59) in women and 7.33 (95% CI 4.90 to 10.96) in men. The pooled ratio of the RRs was 0.92 (95% CI 0.72 to 1.16; I2=89%; p<0.001), with no evidence of publication bias or differences across major pre-defined participant and study subtypes. The women-to-men ratio of RRs was 0.99 (95% CI 0.65 to 1.52), 1.11 (95% CI 0.75 to 1.64) and 0.94 (95% CI 0.69 to 1.30), for light, moderate and heavy smoking, respectively.ConclusionsSmoking yields similar risks of lung cancer in women compared with men. However, these data may underestimate the true risks of lung cancer among women, as the smoking epidemic has not yet reached full maturity in women. Continued efforts to measure the sex-specific association of smoking and lung cancer are required.

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“…It is the fourth most common neoplasm in both men and women, and in 2014 more than 11 000 people were diagnosed with lung cancer in Australia 1 . The 5‐year survival rate is 14%; 1 the median survival time for patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is 6.9 months, and for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) it is 7.2 months 2 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Timeliness of lung cancer care in Victoria: a retrospective cohort study

Evans

Earnest

Bower

et al. 2016

Medical Journal of Australia

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Objective: To assess factors associated with second‐line delays in the management of patients diagnosed with lung cancer. Design, setting and participants: A retrospective cohort study, conducted in six public and two private Victorian hospitals, of 1417 patients aged 18 years or more who were diagnosed between July 2011 and October 2014 with an incident case of lung cancer identified by International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision codes (C34.0–C34.9, Z85.1, Z85.2) on the basis of either a clinical or pathological diagnosis. Outcome measures: Time intervals between referral, diagnosis and initial definitive management. Results: The median time from referral to diagnosis was 15 days (interquartile range [IQR], 5–36); from diagnosis to initial definitive management, 30 days (IQR, 6–84); and from referral to initial definitive management, 53 days (IQR, 25–106). Factors that were significantly associated with delay between referral and initial definitive management include declining or not being referred to palliative care (hazard ratio [HR], v patients referred for palliation, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.62–0.86; P < 0.001), and being treated in a public hospital (HR, v patients managed in a private hospital, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.48–0.64; P < 0.001). The median time from referral to initial definitive management in public and private hospitals was 61 days (IQR, 35–118) and 30 days (IQR, 13–76) respectively; 48% of patients in public hospitals waited longer than the British National Health Service target of a maximum 62 days between referral and first definitive treatment. Conclusion: There are significant delays at various stages of the patient journey after referral for initial definitive management. Having a greater understanding of these delays will enable strategies to be developed that improve the timeliness of care for patients with lung cancer.

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Lung cancer in Victoria: are we making progress?

Cited by 50 publications

References 19 publications

Survival of Australian lung cancer patients and the impact of distance from and attendance at a thoracic specialist centre: a data linkage study

Survival of Australian lung cancer patients and the impact of distance from and attendance at a thoracic specialist centre: a data linkage study

Smoking as a risk factor for lung cancer in women and men: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Timeliness of lung cancer care in Victoria: a retrospective cohort study

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