Lung Cancer Risk from Plutonium: A Pooled Analysis of the Mayak and Sellafield Worker Cohorts

Gillies, Michael; Kuznetsova, Irina; Sokolnikov, Mikhail; Haylock, Richard; O’Hagan, Jackie; Tsareva, Yulia; Labutina, Elena V.

doi:10.1667/rr14719.1

Cited by 39 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“… 98 More recently, a linear association between cumulative internal plutonium lung dose and risk of both lung cancer mortality and incidence was obtained in the pooled cohort of the Mayak and Sellafield (United Kingdom) worker cohorts. 99 In analyses by Azizova et al, statistically significant trends to increase in ischemic heart disease incidence with both total external γ-ray dose and internal liver dose were found. 101 , 102 A significant decrease in ischemic heart disease incidence was, however, observed among the Mayak workers exposed to external γ-rays at a dose range of 200 to 500 mGy (n = 18 763) who were first employed in 1948 to 1972 and followed up to the end of 2005.…”

Section: Nuclear Worker Cohortsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…A dose–response relationship between α-radiation exposure and incidence of various cancerous and noncancerous disorders was observed in nuclear workers chronically exposed by inhalation to plutonium ( 239 Pu) in the Mayak Nuclear Enterprise (Chelyabinsk region, Russia). 98 - 120 For instance, the incidence of lung cancer corrected for smoking was 0.56, 0.59, and 0.83 at body burdens of 343, 1180, and 4200 Bq, respectively, in 500 nuclear workers relative to internal controls. Of note, the lung cancer incidence was linearly associated with cigarette smoking, with 2-fold risk of lung cancer in those workers who smoked 1 pack of cigarettes per day for at least 5 years.…”

Section: Nuclear Worker Cohortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health Impacts of Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation: Current Scientific Debates and Regulatory Issues

et al. 2018

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Health impacts of low-dose ionizing radiation are significant in important fields such as X-ray imaging, radiation therapy, nuclear power, and others. However, all existing and potential applications are currently challenged by public concerns and regulatory restrictions. We aimed to assess the validity of the linear no-threshold (LNT) model of radiation damage, which is the basis of current regulation, and to assess the justification for this regulation. We have conducted an extensive search in PubMed. Special attention has been given to papers cited in comprehensive reviews of the United States (2006) and French (2005) Academies of Sciences and in the United Nations Scientific Committee on Atomic Radiation 2016 report. Epidemiological data provide essentially no evidence for detrimental health effects below 100 mSv, and several studies suggest beneficial (hormetic) effects. Equally significant, many studies with in vitro and in animal models demonstrate that several mechanisms initiated by low-dose radiation have beneficial effects. Overall, although probably not yet proven to be untrue, LNT has certainly not been proven to be true. At this point, taking into account the high price tag (in both economic and human terms) borne by the LNT-inspired regulation, there is little doubt that the present regulatory burden should be reduced.

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Section: Nuclear Worker Cohortsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Nuclear Worker Cohortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Impacts of Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation: Current Scientific Debates and Regulatory Issues

et al. 2018

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“…Furthermore, in a pooled cohort analysis of Sellafield (UK) and Mayak (Russia) workers, lung cancer risk from occupational plutonium exposure was studied. Poisson regression models provided a clear evidence of a linear association between cumulative internal plutonium lung dose and risk of lung cancer incidence and mortality in the pooled cohort [24].…”

Section: Local Health Effects 21 Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 90%

Sellafield, Seascale, and Scandinavia: A Legacy of Radioactive Contamination with Future Implications for Gene Evolution in Affected Ecosystems

Siddoo-Atwal¹

2020

Gene Expression and Phenotypic Traits

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Radioactive waste from nuclear installations and nuclear reprocessing plants, nuclear accidents, and radioactive fallout from nuclear weapons testing constitute a serious problem facing future generations. Marine algae and phytoplanktons accumulate radionuclides from their surroundings and are used as bioindicators of radioactive pollution in the environment. In Northern Europe, the affected marine systems include the Irish Sea, the Baltic Sea, and the North Sea. The main sources of this radioactive contamination are global fallout from nuclear weapons tests, river transport from Siberia, and marine transport of discharges from Sellafield and Chernobyl. An increased leukemia incidence has been observed in young children at Seascale near Sellafield, and an elevated incidence of leukemia has been recorded among young people (0-24 years) in the French canton of Beaumont-Hague close to the Cap de la Hague nuclear reprocessing facility. In Scandinavia, scientists suspect that people in parts of Sweden are still dying from cancer caused by radiation from the Chernobyl accident. Moreover, the Baltic Sea is contaminated with man-made plutonium radionuclides from nuclear reprocessing. However, some experts are able to dismiss the above relationships due to important uncertainties over the estimation of radiation doses from environmental discharges based on a mutational theory of carcinogenesis. Consequently, it appears to be of paramount importance to reevaluate the current methods for cancer risk assessment in the case of radiation exposure within the context of an apoptotic model of carcinogenesis that could explain such a discrepancy. According to this new model, subtle differences in gene expression in response to a carcinogen can initiate cell death or apoptosis and act as a trigger for carcinogenesis. Simultaneously, future implications for human gene evolution are unavoidable.

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“…Sur le plan scientifique, elles visent à répondre à plusieurs questionnements de recherche prioritaires en radioprotection, parmi ceux évoqués ci-dessus. De par les conditions d'exposition des travailleurs et leurs modalités de suivi dosimétrique et sanitaire (en particulier, un suivi régulier par la médecine du travail), ces études sont particulièrement informatives pour étudier les effets sanitaires d'expositions chroniques à de faibles doses de rayonnements ionisants, qu'il s'agisse d'expositions externes (Leuraud et al, 2015 ;Richardson et al, 2015) ou internes par différents radionucléides (Laurier et al, 2012), comme par exemple le radon (NRC, 1999 ;Kreuzer et al, 2010Kreuzer et al, , 2015bRage et al, 2018), le plutonium (Gilbert et al, 2013 ;Azizova et al, 2014 ;Gillies et al, 2017a ;Grellier et al, 2017), l'uranium (Laurent et al, 2016a ;Samson et al, 2016 ;Grellier et al, 2017 ;Yiin et al, 2017) ou encore d'autres radioéléments (Boice et al, 2014 ;Grellier et al, 2017). Par ailleurs, ces études remplissent également un rôle essentiel de surveillance sanitaire, en fournissant des bilans de santé des populations de travailleurs étudiées.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Bilan de la surveillance épidémiologique des travailleurs du cycle électronucléaire en France

et al. 2018

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À ce jour, les normes internationales de radioprotection sont essentiellement basées sur les connaissances des effets sanitaires des rayonnements ionisants issues des études de cohortes de survivants des bombardements atomiques d’Hiroshima et de Nagasaki, qui ont subi des irradiations par voie externe à forts débits de doses. Or, les expositions aux rayonnements ionisants survenant en population générale et chez certains travailleurs correspondent généralement à de faibles doses, cumulées de manière prolongée dans le temps. Ces expositions peuvent avoir lieu par irradiation externe mais aussi par contamination interne. Les études épidémiologiques chez les travailleurs du nucléaire permettent notamment de mieux caractériser les effets de ces conditions d’expositions. Elles permettent ainsi d’évaluer l’adéquation des normes de radioprotection pour protéger les travailleurs, mais également la population générale adulte, contre les risques de cancer. Par ailleurs, elles permettent d’aborder de nouveaux questionnements de recherche en radioprotection, comme les potentiels effets non cancéreux. Enfin, ces études fournissent un bilan de santé général des populations de travailleurs du nucléaire. Cet article propose une vue d’ensemble des recherches épidémiologiques menées par l’Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN) chez les travailleurs du cycle électronucléaire en France. Il dresse également quelques perspectives de développements possibles de ces recherches.

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Lung Cancer Risk from Plutonium: A Pooled Analysis of the Mayak and Sellafield Worker Cohorts

Cited by 39 publications

References 26 publications

Health Impacts of Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation: Current Scientific Debates and Regulatory Issues

Health Impacts of Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation: Current Scientific Debates and Regulatory Issues

Sellafield, Seascale, and Scandinavia: A Legacy of Radioactive Contamination with Future Implications for Gene Evolution in Affected Ecosystems

Bilan de la surveillance épidémiologique des travailleurs du cycle électronucléaire en France

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