Lung Carbonate Dehydratase (
 Carbonic anhydrase
 ), CO
 2
 Stores and CO
 2
 Transport

Farhi, Leon E.; Plewes, J L; Olszowka, Albert J.

doi:10.1002/9780470720202.ch14

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Consequently, hypoxic conditions in COVID-19 will increase Ang II concentration through downregulation of ACE2 [32,33]. Lungs and alveoli as the main parts of lower respiratory system have the main role in the oxygen (O 2 ) exchange with carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) at the molecular level; CA plays a crucial function in this respiratory exchange [34,35]. CA as another Zn-metalloenzyme catalyzes the hydration of CO 2 into carbonic acid and vice versa [36][37][38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of System Biology to Explore the Association of Neprilysin, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), and Carbonic Anhydrase (CA) in Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2

2020

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Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) appears with common symptoms including fever, dry cough, and fatigue, as well as some less common sysmptoms such as loss of taste and smell, diarrhea, skin rashes and discoloration of fingers. COVID-19 patients may also suffer from serious symptoms including shortness of breathing, chest pressure and pain, as well as loss of daily routine habits, pointing out to a sever reduction in the quality of life. COVID-19 has afftected almost all countries, however, the United States contains the highest number of infection (> 1,595,000 cases) and deaths cases (> 95,000 deaths) in the world until May 21, 2020. Finding an influential treatment strategy against COVID-19 can be facilitated through better understanding of the virus pathogenesis and consequently interrupting the biochemical pathways that the virus may play role in human body as the current reservoir of the virus. Results In this study, we combined system biology and bioinformatic approaches to define the role of coexpression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), neprilysin or membrane metallo-endopeptidase (MME), and carbonic anhydrases (CAs) and their association in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. The results revealed that ACE2 as the cellular attachment site of SARS-CoV-2, neprilysin, and CAs have a great contribution together in the renin angiotensin system (RAS) and consequently in pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 in the vital organs such as respiratory, renal, and blood circulation systems. Any disorder in neprilysin, ACE2, and CAs can lead to increase of CO2 concentration in blood and respiratory acidosis, induction of pulmonary edema and heart and renal failures. Conclusions Due to the presence of ACE2-Neprilysin-CA complex in most of vital organs and as a receptor of COVID-19, it is expected that most organs are affected by SARS-CoV-2 such as inflammation and fibrosis of lungs, which may conversely affect their vital functions, temporary or permanently, sometimes leading to death. Therefore, ACE2-Neprilysin-CA complex could be the key factor of pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and may provide us useful information to find better provocative and therapeutic strategies against COVID-19.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of System Biology to Explore the Association of Neprilysin, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), and Carbonic Anhydrase (CA) in Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2

2020

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“…VEGF exhibits polymorphism and halts the potential regulation of gene expression [33], [37] VEGF also reported for its association with atherosclerosis by increasing vascular permeability to low-density lipoproteins in the cardiovascular system, phosphorylation of Murine thymoma viral oncogene Akt and stimulation of neurons linked with neuroprotection in the central nervous system [33]. It is also reported that patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the symptomatic stage have downregulated serum levels of VEGF [33], [38]. Studies also reported that Schwann cells, when cultured in the hyperglycaemic medium, resulted in impairment of neurite outgrowth.…”

Section: -Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (Vegf)mentioning

confidence: 96%

Diagnostic Biomarkers of Diabetic Neuropathy

Darvishi

2023

JCRR

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that occurs due to inadequate production of insulin or decreased effect of available insulin. Considered one of the most critical life-threatening diseases of the 21st century, the number of patients has been increasing over the past few decades. These patients suffer many problems such as neuropathy, nephropathy and rethinopathy which the first can decrease their life expectations. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common complication in diabetic patients and more than one half of these patients develop nerve dysfunction through their life. The primary cause of diabetic foot disease is DPN which sleep disturbances, poor quality of life, depression and finally unemployment are the results of it. In this article, we are studying different biomarkers of diabetic neuropathy using related papers in order to consider them in diabetic patients and prevent further complications in them.

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Errors due to tissue CO2 capacity in estimation of pulmonary blood flow from single-breath gas analysis

Grønlund

1983

Respiration Physiology

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Lung Carbonate Dehydratase ( Carbonic anhydrase ), CO ₂ Stores and CO ₂ Transport

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Application of System Biology to Explore the Association of Neprilysin, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), and Carbonic Anhydrase (CA) in Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2

Application of System Biology to Explore the Association of Neprilysin, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), and Carbonic Anhydrase (CA) in Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2

Diagnostic Biomarkers of Diabetic Neuropathy

Errors due to tissue CO2 capacity in estimation of pulmonary blood flow from single-breath gas analysis

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Lung Carbonate Dehydratase ( Carbonic anhydrase ), CO 2 Stores and CO 2 Transport

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Application of System Biology to Explore the Association of Neprilysin, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), and Carbonic Anhydrase (CA) in Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2

Application of System Biology to Explore the Association of Neprilysin, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), and Carbonic Anhydrase (CA) in Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2

Diagnostic Biomarkers of Diabetic Neuropathy

Errors due to tissue CO2 capacity in estimation of pulmonary blood flow from single-breath gas analysis

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Product

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Lung Carbonate Dehydratase ( Carbonic anhydrase ), CO ₂ Stores and CO ₂ Transport