Lung Diseases of the Elderly

Ascher, Kori; Elliot, Sharon J.; Rubio, Gustavo A.; Glassberg, Marilyn K.

doi:10.1016/j.cger.2017.07.001

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 159 publications

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“…Prolonged exposure to environmental stressors, coupled with damage to the body's defense systems and genetic predisposition, is more likely to tilt the balance of physiological repair and renewal toward the development of CLDs [17, 18]. In addition, increased breaks in DNA double strands coupled with epigenetic changes, proteostasis loss, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, and oxidative stress have been reported in the lung cells of older adults, and these changes may contribute significantly to the increased incidence of disease with increasing age [1, 17].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The natural aging of the lungs is characterized by molecular and cellular changes in multiple lung cell populations. It is believed that the decrease in lung function is due to a reduction in the regenerative capacity of respiratory stem cells [1]. In addition, the number of neutrophils and the release of proteases are increased in the lower respiratory tract of older people, which may contribute to the loss of lung elastic recoil, leading to worsening of pulmonary function [18-21].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This process occurs gradually, but not uniformly, in cells, tissues, organs, and systems and is associated with a progressive increase in susceptibility to diseases. In the respiratory system, the incidence of chronic lung diseases (CLDs) is comparatively higher in individuals aged 65 and older [1].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Handgrip Strength and Pulmonary Disease in the Elderly: What is the Link?

Lima¹,

Almeida²,

Ferreira³

et al. 2019

Aging and disease

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Societies in developed countries are aging at an unprecedented rate. Considering that aging is the most significant risk factor for many chronic lung diseases (CLDs), understanding this process may facilitate the development of new interventionist approaches. Skeletal muscle dysfunction is a serious problem in older adults with CLDs, reducing their quality of life and survival. In this study, we reviewed the possible links between handgrip strength (HGS)-a simple, noninvasive, low-cost measure of muscle function-and CLDs in the elderly. Different mechanisms appear to be involved in this association, including systemic inflammation, chronic hypoxemia, physical inactivity, malnutrition, and corticosteroid use. Respiratory and peripheral myopathy, associated with muscle atrophy and a shift in muscle fiber type, also seem to be major etiological contributors to CLDs. Moreover, sarcopenic obesity, which occurs in older adults with CLDs, impairs common inflammatory pathways that can potentiate each other and further accelerate the functional decline of HGS. Our findings support the concept that the systemic effects of CLDs may be determined by HGS, and HGS is a relevant measurement that should be considered in the clinical assessment of the elderly with CLDs. These reasons make HGS a useful practical tool for indirectly evaluating functional status in the elderly. At present, early muscle reconditioning and optimal nutrition appear to be the most effective approaches to reduce the impact of CLDs and low muscle strength on the quality of life of these individuals. Nonetheless, larger in-depth studies are needed to evaluate the link between HGS and CLDs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Handgrip Strength and Pulmonary Disease in the Elderly: What is the Link?

Lima¹,

Almeida²,

Ferreira³

et al. 2019

Aging and disease

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show abstract

“…Older persons, aged at least 65 years, report high rates of respiratory symptoms, which commonly associate with COPD, IPF and lung cancer [ 9 ▪ ]. Overall, there is an almost five-fold increase in incidence of IPF and COPD related solely to age [ 10 ], and two-thirds of new lung cancer cases are diagnosed in patients over the age of 65 [ 11 ].…”

Section: Aging and Lung Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Trade-offs in aging lung diseases

Moorsel

2018

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine

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Purpose of reviewThe process of aging involves biological changes that increases susceptibility for disease. In the aging lung disease IPF, GWAS studies identified genes associated with risk for disease. Recently, several of these genes were also found to be involved in risk for COPD or lung cancer. This review describes GWAS-derived risk genes for IPF that overlap with risk genes for lung cancer or COPD.Recent findingsRisk genes that overlap between aging lung diseases, include FAM13A, DSP and TERT. Most interestingly, disease predisposing alleles for IPF are opposite to those for COPD or lung cancer. Studies show that the alleles are associated with differential gene expression and with physiological traits in the general population. The opposite allelic effect sizes suggest the presence of trade-offs in the aging lung. For TERT, the trade-off involves cellular senescence versus proliferation and repair. For FAM13A and DSP, trade-offs may involve protection from noxious gases or tissue integrity.SummaryThe overlap in risk genes in aging lung diseases provides evidence that processes associated with FAM13A, DSP and TERT are important for healthy aging. The opposite effect size of the disease risk alleles may represent trade-offs, for which a model involving an apicobasal gene expression gradient is presented.

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“…Emphysema is a significant component of COPD which is characterized by alveolar extracellular matrix destruction resulting in airspace enlargement 2, and the pathogenesis proposes involvement of elastase, matrix metalloprotease imbalance, apoptosis and oxidative stress 3 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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2019

IJPSR

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An essential pathological phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is emphysema or lung tissue destruction. The study aims to assess docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a precursor for specialized pro-resolving mediators, as a treatment of emphysema. Albino mice were challenged with porcine pancreatic elastase on day 1 and bacterial lipopolysaccharide on day 21 to induce emphysema. The pathological condition was then treated with docosahexaenoic acid for 7 consecutive days. The animals were treated with three experimental doses of docosahexaenoic acid (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg b.w.) and results were compared with another 2 groups receiving standard drugs, i.e., corticosteroid and bronchodilators. Histopathology, automated morphometry, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung volume measurements were performed. The experiments showed that the 30 mg/kg dose of DHA has treatment effects similar to the standard drugs. The neutrophil is an inflammatory mediator, and the new treatment was able to reduce the neutrophil count in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Lung volumes were reduced suggesting lesser hyperinflation. Histopathology confirms more inferior airway obstruction in the treatment groups. Even though the experimental doses of docosahexaenoic acid were not superior to the effects of corticosteroids but has shown some signs of improvement in exacerbation model of emphysema in mice and has promised to become a therapy for management of COPD in future.

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Lung Diseases of the Elderly

Cited by 20 publications

References 159 publications

Handgrip Strength and Pulmonary Disease in the Elderly: What is the Link?

Handgrip Strength and Pulmonary Disease in the Elderly: What is the Link?

Trade-offs in aging lung diseases

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