Lung emphysema and lung cancer: what do we know about it?

Tubío-Pérez, Ramón Antonio; Torres-Durán, María; Pérez-Ríos, Mónica; Fernández-Villar, Alberto; Ruano-Raviña, Alberto

doi:10.21037/atm-20-1180

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…To be specific, it has been proven that smoking is causally associated with the risk of lung cancer since the 1950s [50]. Additionally, history of tuberculosis and history of emphysema was shown to be related to elevated lung cancer risk [51,52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A risk prediction model for selecting high-risk population for computed tomography lung cancer screening in China

et al. 2022

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A risk prediction model for selecting high-risk population for computed tomography lung cancer screening in China

et al. 2022

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“…As the duodenal luminal microbiome can be colonized by a variety of oral and respiratory microbes, and given the direct relationship between tobacco smoking, the oral and respiratory microbiomes 17 , 18 , 36 , and the development of certain human diseases 5 – 7 , microbial taxa previously found to be associated with smoking-related diseases were also quantitated in the duodenal aspirates from our subjects.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cancers of the lung, in particular non-small cell cancer, and of the mouth, larynx, esophagus, stomach, kidney, pancreas, liver, bladder, cervix, colon and rectum, and acute myeloid leukemia are associated with tobacco smoking 2 , 4 . An increased prevalence of emphysema, chronic bronchitis, asthma and other pulmonary specific diseases is also seen in long-term smokers 5 – 7 . Tobacco smoking is also linked to non-pulmonary conditions such as cardiovascular disease 8 , 9 , cerebrovascular disease 10 , and diabetes 11 , as well as reproductive issues 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking has disruptive effects on the small bowel luminal microbiome

Leite¹,

Hosseini²,

Parodi³

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of cancer, and affects the respiratory, oral, fecal, and duodenal mucosa-associated microbiota. However, the effects of smoking on the duodenal luminal microbiome have not been studied directly. We aimed to compare the duodenal luminal microbiome in never-smokers, current smokers, and ex-smokers who quit ≥ 10 years ago. In a cross-sectional study, current smokers (CS, n = 24) were identified and matched to never-smokers (NS, n = 27) and ex-smokers (XS, n = 27) by age (± 5 years), body mass index (BMI, ± 3 kg/m2), and sex. Current antibiotic users were excluded. The duodenal luminal microbiome was analysed in 1 aspirate sample per subject by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Relative abundances (RA) of families associated with increased duodenal microbial diversity, Prevotellaceae, Neisseriaceae, and Porphyromonadaceae, were significantly lower in CS vs. NS. This was driven by lower RA of unknown Prevotella and Porphyromonas species, and Neisseria subflava and N. cinerea, in CS. In contrast, RA of Enterobacteriaceae and Lactobacillaceae (associated with decreased diversity), were significantly higher in CS, due to higher RA of Escherichia-Shigella, Klebsiella and Lactobacillus species. Many of these changes were absent or less pronounced in XS, who exhibited a duodenal luminal microbiome more similar to NS. RA of taxa previously found to be increased in the oral and respiratory microbiota of smokers were also higher in the duodenal luminal microbiome, including Bulledia extructa and an unknown Filifactor species. In conclusion, smoking is associated with an altered duodenal luminal microbiome. However, ex-smokers have a duodenal luminal microbiome that is similar to never-smokers.

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“…This might be linked to the effects of AATD at a pulmonary level and their close relationship with tobacco use, which is the principal factor implicated in early development of emphysema in patients with severe AATD. Indeed, some studies have highlighted the association between pulmonary emphysema and risk of lung cancer [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and risk of lung cancer in never-smokers: a multicentre case–control study

et al. 2022

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Background Lung cancer (LC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death in both sexes worldwide. Although the principal risk factor in the western world is tobacco smoking, genetic factors, including alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), have been associated with increased risk. This study is the continuation of an earlier one published by the same group in 2015, aimed at analysing risk of LC in never-smokers, associated with carriers of the AATD genotype. Methods A multicentre case–control study was conducted in Spain across the period January 2011 to August 2019. Cases were non-smokers diagnosed with LC, and controls were composed of never-smoking individuals undergoing major non-cancer-related surgery. Data were collected on epidemiological characteristics, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), residential radon levels, and alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) genotype. Results The study included 457 cases (42%) and 631 controls (58%), with a predominance of women (72,8%). The most frequent histological type was adenocarcinoma (77.5%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (7.7%). No association of risk of LC was found with the status of AATD genotype carrier, both overall and broken down by age, sex, or exposure to ETS. Conclusions No risk association was found between being a carrier of an AAT deficiency genotype and LC among never-smokers. In order to establish the existence of an association, we consider it important to expand the studies in never smokers in different geographical areas as well as to include patients with previous chronic lung diseases to assess if it influences the risk.

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Lung emphysema and lung cancer: what do we know about it?

Cited by 10 publications

References 64 publications

A risk prediction model for selecting high-risk population for computed tomography lung cancer screening in China

A risk prediction model for selecting high-risk population for computed tomography lung cancer screening in China

Smoking has disruptive effects on the small bowel luminal microbiome

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and risk of lung cancer in never-smokers: a multicentre case–control study

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