Lung Isolation Techniques

Abstract

Lung isolation can be used during thoracic surgery to selectively ventilate a single lung for a discrete purpose. There are several indications for lung isolation, with the strength of each indication varying from absolutely indicated to preferable. Indications for lung isolation are reviewed in this chapter. Three main techniques for achieving lung isolation are also reviewed in detail. These include intentional mainstem with a single-lumen endotracheal tube, use of a double-lumen endobronchial tube and use of a bronchial blocker. The benefits and drawbacks of each technique are discussed. Finally, specific steps to troubleshoot hypoxia during one-lung ventilation are reviewed.