Lung mass caused by<i>Phoma exigua</i>

Balis, Evangelos; Velegraki, Aristea; Fragou, A.; Pefanis, Angelos; Kalabokas, Theodore; Mountokalakis, Theodore D.

doi:10.1080/00365540500400969

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Infection by Phoma exigua causes phaeomycotic cysts especially to vulnerable patients, leading to symptoms such as fever, painful joints, and tumors. Previous studies have reported the presence of this fungus in a diabetic ward [48]. Results from the current study and other studies indicate that diabetic patients may be the source of this organism as it was isolated in the diabetic ward only.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

Identification of airborne microbiota in selected areas in a health-care setting in South Africa

et al. 2014

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BackgroundThe role of bio-aerosols in the spread of disease and spoilage of food has been described in numerous studies; nevertheless this information at South African hospitals is limited. Attributable to their size, bio-aerosols may be suspended in the air for long periods placing patients at risk of infection and possibly settling on surfaces resulting in food contamination. The aim of the study is to assess the microbial composition of the air in the kitchen and selected wards at a typical district hospital in South Africa. Air samples were collected using the settle plates and an SAS Super 90 air sampler by impaction on agar. These microbial samples were quantified and identified using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and Analytic Profile Index (API).ResultsMicrobial counts were found to be higher in the fourth (≤6.0 × 101 cfu/m-3) sampling rounds when compared to the first (≥2 cfu/m-3), second (≤3.0 × 101 cfu/m-3) and third (≤1.5 × 101 cfu/m-3) sampling rounds. Genera identified included Bacillus, Kocuria, Staphylococcus, Arthrobacter, Candida, Aureobasidium, Penicillium and Phoma amongst others. The presence of these pathogens is of concern, attributable to their ability to cause diseases in humans especially in those with suppressed host immunity defenses. Furthermore, fungal genera identified (e.g. Candida) in this study are also known to cause food spoilage and fungal infections in patients.ConclusionResults from this study indicate the importance of air quality monitoring in health-care settings to prevent possible hospital-acquired infections and contamination of hospital surfaces including food contact surfaces by airborne contaminants.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

Identification of airborne microbiota in selected areas in a health-care setting in South Africa

et al. 2014

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“…Conidia (pycnidiospores) are produced from the phialides that line the inner wall of pycnidia and are hyaline, one‐celled, elliptical, rod shaped or curved . A PCR assay for detecting Phoma exigua DNA in deparaffinized lung biopsy material has been developed .…”

Section: Black Fungal Species With Clinical Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the treatment of cutaneous lesions triazoles (itraconazole and voriconazole) and amphotericin B are recommended. In vitro susceptibility data on Phoma species is based on sporadic case reports with itraconazole and voriconazole MICs ranging from 0.25 to 8 mg/L and amphotericin B MICs from 0.5 to 1 mg/L .…”

Section: Black Fungal Species With Clinical Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

ESCMID and ECMM joint clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of systemic phaeohyphomycosis: diseases caused by black fungi

Chowdhary

Meis

Guarro

et al. 2014

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

297

253

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The aetiological agents of many invasive fungal infections are saprobes and opportunistic pathogens. Some of these fungi are darkly pigmented due to melanin production and traditionally have been named 'dematiaceous'. The melanized fungi cause a wide array of clinical syndromes ranging from superficial to deep-seated infections. Diagnosis relies on histopathological examination of clinical specimens and on examination of cultures. Sequencing is recommended for accurate species identification, especially for unusual or newly described pathogens. In cases of mycetoma and chromoblastomycosis, pathognomonic histological findings are useful and the Fontana-Masson stain, specific for melanin, usually confirms the diagnosis. There are no standardized therapies but voriconazole, posaconazole and itraconazole demonstrate the most consistent in vitro activity against this group of fungi. Oral itraconazole has been considered the drug of choice, given the extensive clinical experience with this drug. However, voriconazole may presumably be superior for central nervous system infections because of its ability to achieve good levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Posaconazole is a well-tolerated alternative drug, backed by less clinical experience but with excellent salvage treatment results after failure of other antifungals. Amphotericin B has been useful as alternative therapy in some cases. Combination antifungal therapy is recommended for cerebral abscesses when surgery is not possible and for disseminated infections in immunocompromised patients.

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“…De Hoog et al . 2000, Balis et al 2006) and other vertebrates, such as cattle (Costa et al 1993) and fish (Ross et al . 1975, Hatai et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highlights of the Didymellaceae: A polyphasic approach to characterise Phoma and related pleosporalean genera

Aveskamp¹,

Gruyter²,

Woudenberg³

et al. 2010

Studies in Mycology

493

502

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Fungal taxonomists routinely encounter problems when dealing with asexual fungal species due to poly- and paraphyletic generic phylogenies, and unclear species boundaries. These problems are aptly illustrated in the genus Phoma. This phytopathologically significant fungal genus is currently subdivided into nine sections which are mainly based on a single or just a few morphological characters. However, this subdivision is ambiguous as several of the section-specific characters can occur within a single species. In addition, many teleomorph genera have been linked to Phoma, three of which are recognised here. In this study it is attempted to delineate generic boundaries, and to come to a generic circumscription which is more correct from an evolutionary point of view by means of multilocus sequence typing. Therefore, multiple analyses were conducted utilising sequences obtained from 28S nrDNA (Large Subunit - LSU), 18S nrDNA (Small Subunit - SSU), the Internal Transcribed Spacer regions 1 & 2 and 5.8S nrDNA (ITS), and part of the β-tubulin (TUB) gene region. A total of 324 strains were included in the analyses of which most belonged to Phoma taxa, whilst 54 to related pleosporalean fungi. In total, 206 taxa were investigated, of which 159 are known to have affinities to Phoma. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the current Boeremaean subdivision is incorrect from an evolutionary point of view, revealing the genus to be highly polyphyletic. Phoma species are retrieved in six distinct clades within the Pleosporales, and appear to reside in different families. The majority of the species, however, including the generic type, clustered in a recently established family, Didymellaceae. In the second part of this study, the phylogenetic variation of the species and varieties in this clade was further assessed. Next to the genus Didymella, which is considered to be the sole teleomorph of Phoma s. str., we also retrieved taxa belonging to the teleomorph genera Leptosphaerulina and Macroventuria in this clade. Based on the sequence data obtained, the Didymellaceae segregate into at least 18 distinct clusters, of which many can be associated with several specific taxonomic characters. Four of these clusters were defined well enough by means of phylogeny and morphology, so that the associated taxa could be transferred to separate genera. Aditionally, this study addresses the taxonomic description of eight species and two varieties that are novel to science, and the recombination of 61 additional taxa.

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Lung mass caused byPhoma exigua

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

Identification of airborne microbiota in selected areas in a health-care setting in South Africa

Identification of airborne microbiota in selected areas in a health-care setting in South Africa

ESCMID and ECMM joint clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of systemic phaeohyphomycosis: diseases caused by black fungi

Highlights of the Didymellaceae: A polyphasic approach to characterise Phoma and related pleosporalean genera

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