Lung metastasis in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck

Abstract

Background Distant metastasis of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is most commonly identified in the lung, but risk factors are still on debate. Methods Risk factors for lung metastasis were evaluated by using Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan–Meier curves. Results Of 112 patients, 48% had distant metastasis; 94.4% of whom had lung metastasis. Univariable analysis revealed sublingual or minor salivary gland, tumor size ≥2.5 cm, and perineural invasion as risk factors (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.99 [1.02–3.91], 2.57 [1.19–5.58], and 2.46 [1.28–4.74], respectively), whereas size, perineural invasion, and local recurrence were risk factors in multivariable analysis (HR: 2.29 [1.05–4.96], 2.32 [1.09–4.96], and 2.68 [1.24–5.79], respectively). Conclusion Sublingual gland or minor salivary glands ACC has a higher risk of lung metastasis. If the site is not considered, the following factors increased the risk of lung metastasis; (a) size ≥2.5 cm, (b) perineural invasion, and (c) local recurrence.

Expression of Cancer-testis Antigens in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Salivary Glands Correlates with Clinical Outcomes

“…SCP-1 was strongly expressed in 5/29 of the cribriform type, 4/26 of the tubular type, and 0/15 of the solid type, indicating that SCP-1 is a potential tumor-specific ACC marker. In addition, perineural invasion was found to be an adverse factor in several studies 24) . Although we did not show significant evidence between perineural invasion and CTAs expression, Fig.…”

CT-guided palladium-103 seed brachytherapy for metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma: a retrospective study to assess initial safety and effectiveness of percutaneous CT fluoroscopy-guided permanent seed brachytherapy

“…Adenoid cystic carcinoma is an uncommon secretory gland malignancy arising from a variety of head and neck sites, including major and minor salivary glands, palate, maxilla, and trachea [6,7]. While biologic behavior of the disease is poorly understood, it has been long recognized that ACC progresses slowly and has a high propensity for metastases and perineural invasion [10][11][12][13][14]. The most common site of metastases is the lungs, resulting in poor prognosis [11,12,15].…”

“…While biologic behavior of the disease is poorly understood, it has been long recognized that ACC progresses slowly and has a high propensity for metastases and perineural invasion [10][11][12][13][14]. The most common site of metastases is the lungs, resulting in poor prognosis [11,12,15]. Twelve hundred people are diagnosed with ACC annually in the United States of which, 60% are women.…”

“…Approximately half of all patients presenting with ACC will develop metastatic disease or succumb to local recurrence [2]. Majority of metastases will occur in the lungs, with larger primary lesions, local recurrence, and perineural invasion, as the risk factors [4].…”

Inhibition of DEC2 is necessary for exiting cell dormancy in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma

“…Student's paired t test was used to analyze the differences between the metastasis and no metastasis specimens (*P < 0 .05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0 .001). s Schematic figure illustrated dormancy during tumor progression and the functions of DEC2 in that (Round cell: Proliferative tumor cell, main DEC2 low ; Fusiform cells: Dormant tumor cell, main DEC2 hi ) [22][23][24] SACC patients, although there was negative expression of DEC2 in most of SACC patients. Schematic illustration was shown in Fig.…”