Lung Microbiome in Cystic Fibrosis

Scialò, Filippo; Amato, Felice; Cernera, Gustavo; Gelzo, Monica; Zarrilli, Federica; Comegna, Marika; Pastore, Lucio; Bianco, Andrea; Castaldo, Giuseppe

doi:10.3390/life11020094

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In healthy conditions, it is believed that bacteria in the lungs are at low biomass largely reflecting the upper respiratory tract, whereas changes in regional growth conditions, such as nutrients, oxygen, and inflammation, may drive the expansion of bacteria and the onset of pathological conditions ( 5 , 44 , 45 ). For instance, lung dysbiosis has been described in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( 46 ), lung cancer ( 47 ), interstitial lung disease ( 48 , 49 ), cystic fibrosis ( 50 , 51 ), asthma ( 52 ), acute respiratory distress syndrome, and ventilator-associated pneumonia ( 53 ), as well as infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis ( 54 ), and may be targeted for therapeutic intervention ( 55 ). In the context of fungal pneumonia, the lung microbiome has been investigated by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collection in patients with proven or probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis ( 56 ).…”

Section: The Lung As Final Destinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

From the nose to the lungs: the intricate journey of airborne pathogens amid commensal bacteria

Costantini

Nunzi

Romani

2022

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically brought the pitfalls of airborne pathogens to the attention of the scientific community. Not only viruses, but also bacteria and fungi may exploit air transmission to colonize and infect potential hosts and be the cause of significant morbidity and mortality in susceptible populations. The efforts to decipher the mechanisms of pathogenicity of airborne microbes have brought to light the delicate equilibrium that governs the homeostasis of mucosal membranes. The microorganisms already thriving in the permissive environment of the respiratory tract represent a critical component of this equilibrium and a potent barrier to infection by means of direct competition with airborne pathogens or indirectly via modulation of the immune response. Moving down the respiratory tract, physicochemical and biological constrains promote site-specific expansion of microbes that engage in cross-talk with the local immune system to maintain homeostasis and promote protection. In this review, we critically assess the site-specific microbial communities that an airborne pathogen encounters in its hypothetical travel along the respiratory tract and discuss the changes in the composition and function of the microbiome in airborne diseases by taking fungal and SARS-CoV-2 infections as examples. Finally, we discuss how the technological and bioinformatics advancements may turn microbiome analysis into a valuable tool in the hands of clinicians to predict the risk of disease onset, the clinical course and the response to treatment of the individual patients in the direction of personalized medicine implementation.

show abstract

Section: The Lung As Final Destinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

From the nose to the lungs: the intricate journey of airborne pathogens amid commensal bacteria

Costantini

Nunzi

Romani

2022

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Inherently, microbiome is an endeavor of multiple omics that generates "big data" [14]. For example, the relationships between lung microbes and lung related diseases such as lung cancer [19][20][21], asthma [22,23], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [24,25], and cystic fibrosis [26][27][28] have been highly discussed. Indeed, the occurrence, deterioration and treatment of lung diseases are all related to lung microorganisms in some ways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining the baseline of pulmonary microbiota in healthy populations and influencing factors

Tang¹,

Yang²,

He³

2022

HSET

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lung microbiota and lung diseases have already received increasing attention. However, the lung microbiota lacks a unified healthy baseline. In this review, we collect the healthy pulmonary microbial composition based on the data of existing relevant studies. Subsequently, we discuss and analyze the three aspects of bacterial, fungus and viral at the phylum and genus levels, as well as influence factors like sample type, geography, age, time, hypervariable regions and sequencing method to set up a unified pulmonary baseline. We conclude that Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria are the predominant phyla in healthy people. At the genus level, the most common bacterial genera are Veillonella, Streptococcus, Prevotella, Neisseria and Fusobacterium. A significant difference exists at the bacterial genus level between the lung of healthy subjects and the normal tissues of patients, and geography impacts on the healthy baseline significantly. In addition, age, time, hypervariable regions and sequencing method all affect the baseline to various degrees. In healthy people, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota dominate the pulmonary fungal phyla, while bacteriophages are the predominated order in virome. Our investigation provides a healthy lung baseline for the study of lung microbiota, which is conducive to better finding lung disease-related pathogens.

show abstract

“…Another adaptation lies in slight colony variants (SCV), which have been shown to typically occur during chronic infection and with extensive use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [2,3]. Simultaneously, the dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis conductance regulator (CFTR) also causes a progressive reduction of the commensal diversity in the respiratory tract [3][4][5]. Therefore, the CF lung microbiome may be a biomarker for follow-up and early intervention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the risk of early colonization by P. aeruginosa may be assessed on predictions within the microbiome. Three genera (Streptococcus, Haemophilus, and Staphylococcus) have emerged as predictive markers of antibiotic response [3,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Culture-dependent evaluation of the respiratory microbiome in children with cystic fibrosis

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The study aimed to assess the regional peculiarities of the respiratory profile of children with cystic fibrosis (CF) in the Dnipro region (Ukraine). Methods. Children living in the Dnipro region and aged younger than 18 years old with molecular-genetic confirmation of CF were enrolled in the study. Lung colonization was evaluated using a culture-dependent method. Sputum, mucus from the posterior pharyngeal wall and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were utilized. Results. The Firmicutes phylum was the most common and occupied 54.00 % of the general proportion. On the other hand, the Proteobacteria phylum demonstrated overexpression in CF airways and kept the second rank with 28.87 %. Sorensen's species similarity coefficient showed an allied affinity between the microbial burden of oropharyngeal samples with nasopharyngeal and sputum, QS = 0.61 and 0.91, respectively. However, the species composition within the nasal cavity was distinct from sputum and BALF (QS=0.47). The primary pathogens in childhood were S. aureus, H. influenza, P. aeruginosa and A. fumigatus. In contrast to gram-negative non-fermenters (GNNF), the prevalence of S. aureus isolates by age had a non-linear character. The commensal microbiota changed negatively with age. Among children under 12 years, the Streptococcus genus was identified in 23.08 % of the samples, but among the age category older than 15 – only in 9.22 %. 11.06 % of S. aureus had small colony variants (SCVs) morphotypes. Isolates of P. aeruginosa with the properties of SCVs were also found in children who underwent prolonged antimicrobial treatment. However, the most prominent was the mucoid phenotype – 34.31 % of isolates. Conclusions. Along with conventional microbiological properties, obligate pathobionts in children with CF exhibited changes, resulting in difficulties in identification. These included auxotrophic modification into SCVs and mucoid transformation. The culture-dependent technique gives crucial data about the profile of pathogens usually associated with CF, although it is sufficiently limited

show abstract

Lung Microbiome in Cystic Fibrosis

Cited by 13 publications

References 49 publications

From the nose to the lungs: the intricate journey of airborne pathogens amid commensal bacteria

From the nose to the lungs: the intricate journey of airborne pathogens amid commensal bacteria

Defining the baseline of pulmonary microbiota in healthy populations and influencing factors

Culture-dependent evaluation of the respiratory microbiome in children with cystic fibrosis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About