Progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) of the lung is a type of late stage pneumoconiosis and pathologically consists of fibrotic lesions more than 1 cm in greatest diameter (1). The chest radiographic and computed tomography (CT) findings of PMF have been reported (2, 3). In our geographic region, PMF is mostly seen as a complication of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP). Evaluation and follow-up of PMF lesions are generally performed by using CT scans in CWP patients. However, imaging has to provide detailed information about the anatomical extension of the PMF. Since CT imaging requires ionizing radiation and application of CT contrast agents is limited in patients with allergies to ionized contrast media or in patients with renal insufficiency, alternative imaging methods for diagnosis and follow-up are always of interest. If the fast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of PMF lesions of the lungs is proven to be diagnostically significant, this modality can be used instead of CT imaging. The rapid development of MRI techniques during the last years has resulted in excellent soft tissue imaging capabilities. MRI of the lung is difficult and hampered by three factors: first (and very important) is signal loss due to physiological motion (respiration and cardiac pulsation); second is low proton density in lung results in a low signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR); and third is the unique combination of air and soft tissue resulting in significant susceptibility to artifact. Despite these difficulties, fast MRI techniques for evaluating lung pathology have been developed and addressed in a number of articles describing preliminary results (4-6). However, correct evaluation of PMF lesions by fast MRI techniques has not yet been well described. Volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) and half-Fourier single-shot turbo spin echo (HASTE) MR sequences are very fast imaging techniques, and these techniques can also be used for fast pulmonary imaging.In the present study, we hypothesized that fast pulmonary MRI of the PMF lesions by using VIBE and HASTE fast MRI protocols would enable detection of lesions and might have a role in the management of PMF, especially in long-term follow-up. Thus, the purpose of our study was to determine the feasibility of fast MRI in the management of PMF in comparison with CT imaging.
Materials and methods
Study designTwenty-three patients were enrolled in this prospective study between January 2007 and July 2008. Three patients were unable to undergo MRI because of claustrophobia and had to be excluded from the study. Thus, data sets of 20 patients were analyzed for this study. All patients were male, with an age range of 52-82 years (mean, 72 years). The patients had worked as coal miners for 15-25 years (mean, 15 years) working underground. They had pulmonary mass lesions rang-
CHEST IMAGING
PURPOSEThe aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) and half-Fourier-acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo ...