Lung organoids: current strategies for generation and transplantation

Demchenko, Anna; Лавров, А. В.; Smirnikhina, Svetlana

doi:10.1007/s00441-022-03686-x

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Although, to date, only a few studies have explored this possibility, lung organoids represent a potential tool for tissue regenerative approaches [383]. Since it has been discovered that new lung growth can occur in adults [384], the scientific community is focusing on studying lung repair and regeneration as an emerging and promising strategy for the treatment of patients with both acute and chronic lung diseases, which can cause the loss of functional lung tissue, such as that occurring in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [385], pulmonary fibrosis [386], CF [387], and pulmonary arterial hypertension [388,389].…”

Section: Lungmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Cell Cultures: The Bridge between In Vitro and In Vivo Models

Urzì,

Gasparro,

Costanzo

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Although historically, the traditional bidimensional in vitro cell system has been widely used in research, providing much fundamental information regarding cellular functions and signaling pathways as well as nuclear activities, the simplicity of this system does not fully reflect the heterogeneity and complexity of the in vivo systems. From this arises the need to use animals for experimental research and in vivo testing. Nevertheless, animal use in experimentation presents various aspects of complexity, such as ethical issues, which led Russell and Burch in 1959 to formulate the 3R (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) principle, underlying the urgent need to introduce non-animal-based methods in research. Considering this, three-dimensional (3D) models emerged in the scientific community as a bridge between in vitro and in vivo models, allowing for the achievement of cell differentiation and complexity while avoiding the use of animals in experimental research. The purpose of this review is to provide a general overview of the most common methods to establish 3D cell culture and to discuss their promising applications. Three-dimensional cell cultures have been employed as models to study both organ physiology and diseases; moreover, they represent a valuable tool for studying many aspects of cancer. Finally, the possibility of using 3D models for drug screening and regenerative medicine paves the way for the development of new therapeutic opportunities for many diseases.

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Section: Lungmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Cell Cultures: The Bridge between In Vitro and In Vivo Models

Urzì,

Gasparro,

Costanzo

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…The utility of organoids to studying disease progression and treatment is endless and have been increasingly employed in either basic or translational research. Despite the use of organoids in studying cancer biology, the novel applications of organoids are the utilization of lung organoids for lung disease that may be transplanted in these individuals instead of undergoing a lung transplant and the generation of vascularized brain organoids that can be utilized to study neurovascular interaction ( 126 , 127 ). Additionally, the generation of skin organoids that have similar complexity of the skin (including the development of hair follicles) and eye organoids that could potentially be used to replace neurons lost in humans due to degenerative eye diseases, therefore providing a potential therapeutic option ( 128 , 129 ).…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The utility of 3D models to study cholesterol in cancer: Insights and future perspectives

2023

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Cholesterol remains a vital molecule required for life; however, increasing evidence exists implicating cholesterol in cancer development and progression. Numerous studies investigating the relationship between cholesterol and cancer in 2-dimensional (2D) culture settings exist, however these models display inherent limitations highlighting the incipient need to develop better models to study disease pathogenesis. Due to the multifaceted role cholesterol plays in the cell, researchers have begun utilizing 3-dimensional (3D) culture systems, namely, spheroids and organoids to recapitulate cellular architecture and function. This review aims to describe current studies exploring the relationship between cancer and cholesterol in a variety of cancer types using 3D culture systems. We briefly discuss cholesterol dyshomeostasis in cancer and introduce 3D in-vitro culture systems. Following this, we discuss studies performed in cancerous spheroid and organoid models that focused on cholesterol, highlighting the dynamic role cholesterol plays in various cancer types. Finally, we attempt to provide potential gaps in research that should be explored in this rapidly evolving field of study.

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Section: Protocol For Generating Alveolar Organoids From At2 and Ucb ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several recent studies have reported protocols for generating airway and alveolar organoids using iPSCs, which involve repro- gramming fibroblasts [20,25,26]. Many alveolar organoid protocols also require a cell sorting step, because iPSC differentiation is not efficient enough to progress to the next cell stage (Table 2) [20,21,26,27]. Therefore, in this study, we sought to establish iPSC-derived alveolar organoids without the cell sorting step in which full compartment cells are present in a culture using AT2 and UCB iPSCs.…”

Section: Protocol For Generating Alveolar Organoids From At2 and Ucb ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel method for generating induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived alveolar organoids: a comparison of their ability depending on iPSC origin

Lim

Kim

2023

Organoid

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Background: Alveolar organoids may be useful tools in drug discovery for lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and for studying the effects of respiratory viruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived alveolar organoids offer ethical and cost-effective alternatives to animal testing and primary cell-based methods. In this study, we present generating alveolar organoids from iPSCs and compare the efficiency of generating iPSCs from alveolar type 2 (AT2) and umbilical cord blood (UCB) cells.Methods: The protocol started with a two-dimensional culture and transitioned to a three-dimensional culture using Matrigel after the endoderm stage. Organoid cultivation lasted for at least 40 days, and the characteristics of alveolar organoids were assessed using flow cytometry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunostaining.Results: iPSCs derived from AT2 cells showed a better ability to generate alveolar organoids than those derived from UCB cells. This difference in the ability of AT2 iPSCs and UCB iPSCs to generate alveolar organoids appeared during the definitive endoderm differentiation stage. AT2 iPSCs showed higher expression of the anterior foregut endoderm marker SOX2 and lung progenitor gene expression markers, such as NKX2.1 and CPM, which are associated with the lung progenitor differentiation stage.Conclusion: This protocol successfully generated alveolar organoids from AT2 iPSCs; however, the efficiency of differentiation varied depending on the origin of the iPSCs. This study also found differences in gene expression and developmental potential between iPSCs, which may have contributed to the observed differences in differentiation efficiency.

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Lung organoids: current strategies for generation and transplantation

Cited by 10 publications

References 79 publications

Three-Dimensional Cell Cultures: The Bridge between In Vitro and In Vivo Models

Three-Dimensional Cell Cultures: The Bridge between In Vitro and In Vivo Models

The utility of 3D models to study cholesterol in cancer: Insights and future perspectives

A novel method for generating induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived alveolar organoids: a comparison of their ability depending on iPSC origin

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