Lung toxicity induced by intratracheal instillation of size-fractionated tire particles

The Policy Relevance of Wear Emissions from Road Transport, Now and in the Future—An International Workshop Report and Consensus Statement

“…In a second study with a similar setup Mantecca et al (2010) compared the acute inflammatory responses of tire particles from two size fractions 3 hr after exposure to elucidate the time course of the lung inflammatory process. While Mantecca et al (2009) showed that both size fractions induced an inflammatory response, which was still present 24 hr after instillation, the time-course study revealed that coarse particles do not induce an early recruitment of neutrophils (Mantecca et al, 2010).…”

“…This study showed the increase of proteins associated with an inflammatory response, while proteins involved in cellular functions and glycolysis were reduced. Only a few in vivo studies have reported the toxicity of tire wear particles (Gottipolu et al, 2008;Mantecca et al, 2009;Mantecca et al, 2010). The study of Gottipolu et al (2008) showed that rats exposed to respirable (<5.0 µm) tire wear particles by intratracheal instillation developed acute pulmonary inflammation.…”

“…Hence, the high amounts of copper in the studied tire wear samples in the study of Gottipolu et al(2008) could imply a contamination with brake wear particles. The effect of size-fractionated tire particles smaller than 10 µm (tire-PM 10 ) and smaller than 2.5 µm (tire-PM 2.5 ) was examined by Mantecca et al (2009;. Mice were exposed by intratracheal instillation and the proinflammatory and toxic effects were studied 24 hr after exposure.…”

“…Mice were exposed by intratracheal instillation and the proinflammatory and toxic effects were studied 24 hr after exposure. Lung toxicity induced by tire-PM 10 was primarily due to macrophagemediated inflammatory events, while toxicity induced by tire-PM 2.5 appeared to be related more strongly to a direct cytotoxic effect (Mantecca et al, 2009). In a second study with a similar setup Mantecca et al (2010) compared the acute inflammatory responses of tire particles from two size fractions 3 hr after exposure to elucidate the time course of the lung inflammatory process.…”

Impacts after inhalation of nano- and fine-sized titanium dioxide particles: morphological changes, translocation within the rat lung, and evaluation of particle deposition using the relative deposition index

“…This is a somewhat unexpected result, as phagocytic activity should be elevated in the lung due to the infiltration with inflammatory cells, thereby causing an increased release of β-glucuronidase. This discrepancy may be caused by the kinetics of the acute response: It is known that an increase in β-glucuronidase can be observed as early as 24 hours after particle administration (Mantecca et al, 2009). This peak in phagocytic activity and β-glucuronidase release may be followed by a transient decrease due to consumption of the enzyme.…”