Lung ventilation monitoring by electrical bioimpedance technique using three different 4-electrode thoracic configurations: Variability of calibration equations

Development of a bioimpedance instrument and investigation of the interaction of electrodes with a bioobject during bioimpedance diagnosis

“…The epidermis is a parallel contour R epid //C epid . The electrolytic medium is the resistance R ee due to the exchange of ions and strongly depends on the additional medium (for example, sweat) under the electrode [8]. The electrode upon contact with the skin surface forms a parallel circuit R el //C el and reflects the transformation of the electron current into an ion current.…”