2016
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.06.006
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Lupus nephritis: When and how often to biopsy and what does it mean?

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Cited by 71 publications
(63 citation statements)
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“…Activity index remained unchanged from P1 to P3 either when we considered all histological classes or class III and IV separately. These data are consistent with the discrepancy between clinical and histological severity of LN at presentation reported in previous studies 7. Proliferative forms of LN were observed even in the absence of urinary abnormalities,39 40 suggesting that a certain amount of time is required for histological lesions to give rise to clinical manifestations.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 86%
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“…Activity index remained unchanged from P1 to P3 either when we considered all histological classes or class III and IV separately. These data are consistent with the discrepancy between clinical and histological severity of LN at presentation reported in previous studies 7. Proliferative forms of LN were observed even in the absence of urinary abnormalities,39 40 suggesting that a certain amount of time is required for histological lesions to give rise to clinical manifestations.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 86%
“…Renal involvement occurs at the time of SLE diagnosis or during the course of the disease in up to two-thirds of patients 5 6. Clinical presentation varies from asymptomatic urinary abnormalities to chronic irreversible renal insufficiency 7. Although renal involvement is still considered a strong predictor of death and end-stage renal disease (ESRD),8 9 both patient and renal survival have significantly improved in the last few decades10–13 and the rate of renal flares has considerably decreased over time as well 3.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Biopsy allows the clinician to recognize and classify the type of renal involvement, assess its activity, and thus guide the intensity of treatment. [1,2] …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[3] The pathological class of LN may change to a different class during a disease flare. [2,3] Therefore, repeat renal biopsy has attracted much attention and its clinical relevance has been evaluated by a number of studies. However, whether a repeat renal biopsy is helpful in patients with suspicion of renal flare remains debatable, since some authors have proposed that patients with proliferative lesions on their original biopsy rarely switch to a pure nonproliferative nephritis during a flare and, in these cases, appropriate treatment adjustments can be based only on clinical and biologic signs and symptoms without additional biopsy.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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