Luteal and hypophyseal expression of the canine relaxin (RLN) system during pregnancy: Implications for luteotropic function

Nowak, Marta; Boos, Alois; Kowalewski, Mariusz P.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0191374

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…This latter finding in particular, in addition to possible auto/paracrine effects of RLN in regulating utero-placental function, implies its involvement in the decidualization process as a part of the feto-maternal communication during the maintenance of canine pregnancy. Another interesting finding from our study, indicating a possible functional reciprocal effects between PRL and RLN, is the detection of RXFP1 and RXFP2 expression in PRL-secreting cells in the adenohypophysis of dogs [72]. This important and novel finding strongly implicates the involvement of RLN in regulating the production of PRL and other pituitary hormones, possibly contributing to the typically higher PRL levels observed during pregnancy.…”

Section: Canine Placenta -An Important Endocrine Organ During Mainten...supporting

confidence: 68%

Canine Endotheliochorial Placenta: Morpho-Functional Aspects

Kowalewski

Kazemian

Klisch

et al. 2021

Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology

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In the domestic dog placentation arises from central implantation, passing through a transitional, yet important stage of choriovitelline placenta (yolk sac placenta), on the way to the formation of the definite, deciduate, zonary (girdle) allantochorionic endotheliochorial placenta. Sharing some similarities with other invasive types of placentation, e.g. by revealing decidualization, it is characterized by restricted (shallow) invasion of trophoblast not affecting maternal capillaries and maternal decidual cells. Thus, being structurally and functionally placed between non-invasive epitheliochorial placentation and the more invasive hemochorial type, it presents an interesting and important model for understanding the evolutionarily determined aspects of mammalian placentation. More profound insights into the biological mechanisms underlying the restricted invasion of the fetal trophoblast into maternal uterine structures and the role of decidual cells in that process, could provide better understanding of some adverse conditions occurring in humans, like preeclampsia or placenta accreta. As an important endocrine organ actively responding to ovarian steroids and producing its own hormones, e.g. serving as the source of gestational relaxin or prepartum prostaglandins, the canine placenta has become an attractive research target, both in basic and clinical research. In particular the placental feto-maternal communication between maternal stroma-derived decidual cells and fetal trophoblast cells (i.e. an interplay between placenta materna and placenta fetalis) during the maintenance and termination of canine pregnancy, serves as an interesting model for induction of parturition in mammals and is an attractive subject for translational and comparative research. Here, an updated view on morpho-functional aspects associated with canine placentation is presented.

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Section: Canine Placenta -An Important Endocrine Organ During Mainten...supporting

confidence: 68%

Canine Endotheliochorial Placenta: Morpho-Functional Aspects

Kowalewski

Kazemian

Klisch

et al. 2021

Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology

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“…Prolactin concentrations increase during the second half of the luteal phase and have a major luteotrophic effect (2,4,16,17). In pregnant bitches, placental production of relaxin as early as day 24 post-ovulation enters peripheral circulation and is suspected to stimulate prolactin secretion, perhaps indirectly having luteotrophic effects for maintenance of pregnancy (17)(18)(19)(20). At term pregnancy, as the fetal pituitary-adrenal axis matures and fetal cortisol is released, placental prostaglandin F2α production initiates luteolysis (2,(14)(15)(16)21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of a Point-of-Care Analyzer With a Chemiluminescent Immunoassay for Serum Progesterone Measurement in Breeding Management of the Bitch

et al. 2021

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Accurate serum progesterone measurements for timing bitches during breeding management is critical for reproductive practice, especially as artificial insemination has become routine to facilitate breeding of animals that are geographically or temporally separated. To measure serum progesterone, chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) has replaced radioimmunoassay as the current standard in the bitch due to its high correlation and increased practicality. In January 2019, a colorimetric point-of-care (POC) immunoassay for quantitative in-clinic canine serum progesterone measurements in <30 min was released. This study provides an independent comparison of the POC (Catalyst One, IDEXX) to the current industry standard, CLIA (Immulite-2000, Siemens). To assess inter-assay imprecision of POC and agreement of the POC and CLIA results, 100 canine serum samples were analyzed on three analyzers (POC-1, POC-2, and CLIA), of which, 74 (POC-1) and 75 (POC-2) results were within POCs' reportable range of 0.2–20 ng/mL and included in the study. To assess intra-assay imprecision, pooled canine serum samples at low (L1), intermediate (L2), and high (L3) progesterone concentrations were analyzed ten times each on POC-1 and CLIA. Relative to CLIA, POC values showed good correlation (POC-1, r2 = 0.9366; POC-2, r2 = 0.9438, P < 0.0001) and significant positive proportional bias at values >2 ng/mL. The POC inter-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) were 13.2% (0.2–2.9 ng/mL, 0.6–9.2 nmol/L, L1), 10.0% (3.0–9.9 ng/mL, 9.5–31.5 nmol/L, L2), 7.1% (10.0–20.0 ng/mL, 31.8–63.6 nmol/L, L3), and 11.2% (all samples). The intra-assay CVs for POC (L1, 15.3%; L2, 7.0%; L3, 4.7%) were higher than those for CLIA (L1, 5.89%; L2, 4.89%; L3, 3.44%). Based on the more rapid increase in serial serum progesterone concentrations in ovulating bitches and the greater imprecision of the POC, the clinical interpretations of serum progesterone measurements as they relate to canine breeding management should be made with caution.

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“…Relaxin (RLN) is a polypeptide hormone secreted by the trophoblast in the canine placenta, and it is, so far, the only available marker of pregnancy in the dog ( Nowak et al, 2017 ; Nowak et al, 2018 ). This molecule signals through the relaxin family peptide receptors 1 and 2, (RXFP1, RXFP2), two GPCRs.…”

Section: Dscs In Carnivoramentioning

confidence: 99%

Decidual cells and decidualization in the carnivoran endotheliochorial placenta

Diessler

Hernández²,

Castro³

et al. 2023

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Decidualization is considered a distinctive feature of eutherian pregnancy, and has appeared during evolution along with the development of invasive forms of placentation, as the endotheliochorial placenta. Although decidualization is not massive in carnivores, as it is in most species developing hemochorial placentas, isolated or grouped cells regarded as decidual have been documented and characterized, mainly in bitches and queens. For the majority of the remaining species of the order, data in the bibliography are fragmentary. In this article, general morphological aspects of decidual stromal cells (DSCs), their time of appearance and lasting, data about the expression of cytoskeletal proteins and molecules considered as markers of decidualization were reviewed. From the data reviewed, it follows that carnivoran DSCs take part either in the secretion of progesterone, prostaglandins, relaxin, among other substances, or at least in the signaling pathways triggered by them. Beyond their physiological roles, some of those molecules are already being used, or are yet under study, for the non-invasive endocrine monitoring and reproductive control of domestic and wild carnivores. Only insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1, among the main decidual markers, has been undoubtedly demonstrated in both species. Laminin, on the contrary, was found only in feline DSCs, and prolactin was preliminary reported in dogs and cats. Prolactin receptor, on the other hand, was found in both species. While canine DSCs are the only placental cell type expressing the nuclear progesterone receptor (PGR), that receptor has not been demonstrated neither in feline DSCs, nor in any other cell in the queen placenta, although the use of PGR blockers leads to abortion. Against this background, and from the data gathered so far, it is unquestionable that DSCs in carnivorans do play a pivotal role in placental development and health. The knowledge about placental physiology is critical for medical care and breeding management, primarily in domestic carnivores; it is also absolutely crucial for a conservation approach in the management of endangered carnivore species.

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Luteal and hypophyseal expression of the canine relaxin (RLN) system during pregnancy: Implications for luteotropic function

Cited by 14 publications

References 46 publications

Canine Endotheliochorial Placenta: Morpho-Functional Aspects

Canine Endotheliochorial Placenta: Morpho-Functional Aspects

Comparison of a Point-of-Care Analyzer With a Chemiluminescent Immunoassay for Serum Progesterone Measurement in Breeding Management of the Bitch

Decidual cells and decidualization in the carnivoran endotheliochorial placenta

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