Luteal Function: The Estrous Cycle and Early Pregnancy

Niswender, Gordon D.; Juengel, Jennifer L.; McGuire, W J; Belfiore, Carol J.; Wiltbank, Milo C.

doi:10.1095/biolreprod50.2.239

Cited by 152 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 123 publications

(158 reference statements)

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“…Other possibilities than those examined in previous studies could include an effect on maternal recognition of pregnancy (Wiltbank et al 1992;Niswender et al 1994) or the viability of the CL (Northey and French 1980;Hixon et al 1983 In summary, the present data confirm that serial zeranol irnplants given from birth to 300 d of age delay the onset ofpuberty and adversely affect reproductive tract development and pregnancy rate. The lower pregnancy rates in zeranol-irnplanted heifers appeared to be the result ofdelayed onset ofpuberty, failure to conceive and abortions.…”

Section: Drscusstonsupporting

confidence: 70%

Effect of zeranol implants on age at onset of puberty, fertility and embryo fetal mortality in beef heifers

King¹,

Kirkwood²,

Cohen³

et al. 1995

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Section: Drscusstonsupporting

confidence: 70%

Effect of zeranol implants on age at onset of puberty, fertility and embryo fetal mortality in beef heifers

King¹,

Kirkwood²,

Cohen³

et al. 1995

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…Prolactin is sufficient for maintaining luteal function in the first half of gestation in Mongolian gerbils, but the responsiveness of luteal cells to PRL decreases from early pregnancy to mid-and late gestation [6,26]. Placental development in Mongolian gerbils occurs from day 13 till term [3].…”

Section: Hormonal Variations During Gestation In Primiparous Mongoliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in Serum Gonadotropin and Prolactin Levels during Consecutive Reproductive States in Mongolian Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)

Shi

2011

Exp. Anim.

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Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin (PRL) levels were examined during consecutive reproductive states in Mongolian gerbils. The results indicate that FSH, LH, and PRL levels peak at proestrus, estrus, and diestrus, respectively. During early gestation in primiparous gerbils, gonadotropin levels were the lowest on day 6. This was followed by an increase in FSH and LH levels until days 18 and 15, respectively, with levels remaining constant until day 21. However, in multiparous gerbils, gonadotropin levels were the lowest on day 12 of gestation and were relatively stable between days 15 to 21. In both primiparous and multiparous gerbils, gonadotropin levels increased rapidly from day 21 of gestation to day 3 of lactation, and kept stable between 6-24 days of lactation. PRL peaked during early gestation on days 9 and 6 in the primiparous and multiparous gerbils, respectively, followed by a decline. PRL levels subsequently peaked again on day 21 before parturition. During lactation, PRL levels peaked on days 6 and 9 in primiparous and multiparous gerbils, respectively, followed by a decline until lactation ended. These findings suggest that variations in gonadotropin during the estrous cycle, gestation, and lactation in Mongolian gerbils are similar to those observed in rats, whereas prolactin levels differ. Changes in gonadotropin and prolactin levels during different reproductive states were found to be similar in primiparous and multiparous gerbils, and were correlated with the reproductive stages of Mongolian gerbils.

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“…CLI plays a key role in the biochemical machinery responsible for cholesterol turnover [23,28]; therefore it is not surprising that it is expressed in the functional CL as in other tissues in which lipid metabolism is fundamental (brain and liver) [20]. During luteal cell involution, in fact, many lipid droplets and cytoplasmic vacuoles as well as a 10-fold increase in luteal triglycerides are observed; the antisteroidogenic effect of PGF 2α appears to be mediated through the PKC inhibition of cholesterol transport to cytochrome P450scc [29]. CLI upregulation has been shown to be induced by phosphatidylserine-containing lipid vesicles [30].…”

Section: Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opposite regulation of clusterin and LH receptor in the swine corpus luteum during luteolysis

et al. 2003

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-Luteolysis, which occurs in a cyclical way to remove luteal tissue, may be an example of physiological apoptosis which counterbalances rapid tissue growth after ovulation. Clusterin is a multifunctional glycoprotein expressed in different tissues undergoing apoptosis. In this study we investigated clusterin and LH receptor gene expression during luteolysis as potential regulators of tissue growth and regression. Luteolysis was induced in pregnant sows (45 days) by Cloprostenol (PGF 2α analogue) treatment. Clusterin expression increased in the corpora lutea of pregnant sows ovariectomized 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 or 72 (n = 3) h after the luteolytic stimulus; maximum values were observed 24-48 h after the treatment (P < 0.01). An opposite trend between clusterin mRNA expression and markers of luteal function, such as progesterone levels in the corpora lutea and plasma, and LHr mRNA expression levels, was observed; moreover, clusterin expression was positively correlated with the degree of genomic DNA fragmentation, a marker of occurring apoptosis (P < 0.01). This pattern may be important in regulating luteolysis by a switch between luteotrophic and apoptotic stimulus. Our data indicate that P4 levels decrease prior to the increase in clusterin mRNA and the drop in LHr mRNA expression; we may therefore hypothesize a split between functional and structural luteolysis as reported in other species.LH receptor / tissue growth / clusterin / apoptosis / luteolysis

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Luteal Function: The Estrous Cycle and Early Pregnancy

Cited by 152 publications

References 123 publications

Effect of zeranol implants on age at onset of puberty, fertility and embryo fetal mortality in beef heifers

Effect of zeranol implants on age at onset of puberty, fertility and embryo fetal mortality in beef heifers

Variations in Serum Gonadotropin and Prolactin Levels during Consecutive Reproductive States in Mongolian Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)

Opposite regulation of clusterin and LH receptor in the swine corpus luteum during luteolysis

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