Luteal Phase Support

Comparison of oral dydrogestrone with progesterone gel and micronized progesterone for luteal support in 1,373 women undergoing in vitro fertilization: a randomized clinical study

“…In contrast, several trials comparing various routes of micronized P administration in ART cycles support vaginal therapy and have suggested it to be as good as IM therapy and superior to oral therapy (19)(20)(21)(22). Painful IM injections and their complications, such as local soreness and inflammatory reactions, can be avoided by the vaginal route (23). Although vaginal gel and IM P are equally effective for luteal-phase support in IVF, vaginal gel is better tolerated by patients owing to ease of use, high tolerability, and fewer side effects (24,25).…”

Single and multidose pharmacokinetic study of a vaginal micronized progesterone insert (Endometrin) compared with vaginal gel in healthy reproductive-aged female subjects

“…In vitro fertilization and other assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments often require exogenous luteal phase support (1)(2)(3). Normal, adequate endometrial preparation includes endometrial proliferation by estrogen, and secretory transformation by progesterone, whether provided endogenously or exogenously.…”

“…The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic and safety profiles of two dosage regimens of the micronized progesterone 100 mg vaginal insert (twice a day and three times a day) compared with the pharmacokinetic and safety profile of the 8% vaginal gel (90 mg every day) in normal, reproductive-aged females with an intact uterus. The principal pharmacokinetic objectives of this study were to: [1] obtain single-day and steady-state progesterone pharmacokinetics for the three treatment groups, [2] describe progesterone steady-state pharmacokinetics, and [3] compare progesterone pharmacokinetics among the three treatment groups.…”

Comparative study of the efficacy and tolerability of two vaginal progesterone formulations, Crinone 8% gel and Utrogestan capsules, used for luteal support

“…There is increasing evidence that vaginal and intramuscular P are at least equally effective, considering the rate of biochemical and clinical pregnancies as well as their outcomes (13)(14)(15). However, through the use of vaginal P, reiterated painful application of IM injections and their complications, such as local soreness, abscesses, and inflammatory reactions (16), were avoided.…”