Lutz's spontaneous sedimentation technique and the paleoparasitological analysis of sambaqui (shell mound) sediments

Camacho, Morgana; Pessanha, Thaíla Santos; Leles, Daniela; Dutra, Juliana M.F.; Silva, Rosângela; Souza, S. M. de; Araújo, Adauto

doi:10.1590/0074-0276108022013005

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In Brazil, the Callen method was combined with the spontaneous sedimentation method [ 52 ]. This method is reviewed by Camacho and colleagues [ 53 ]. Samples are rehydrated in 0.5% trisodium phosphate aqueous solution (Na 3 PO 4 ) for 72 hours [ 45 ].…”

Section: Development Of Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovering parasites from mummies and coprolites: an epidemiological approach

et al. 2018

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In the field of archaeological parasitology, researchers have long documented the distribution of parasites in archaeological time and space through the analysis of coprolites and human remains. This area of research defined the origin and migration of parasites through presence/absence studies. By the end of the 20th century, the field of pathoecology had emerged as researchers developed an interest in the ancient ecology of parasite transmission. Supporting studies were conducted to establish the relationships between parasites and humans, including cultural, subsistence, and ecological reconstructions. Parasite prevalence data were collected to infer the impact of parasitism on human health. In the last few decades, a paleoepidemiological approach has emerged with a focus on applying statistical techniques for quantification. The application of egg per gram (EPG) quantification methods provide data about parasites’ prevalence in ancient populations and also identify the pathological potential that parasitism presented in different time periods and geographic places. Herein, we compare the methods used in several laboratories for reporting parasite prevalence and EPG quantification. We present newer quantification methods to explore patterns of parasite overdispersion among ancient people. These new methods will be able to produce more realistic measures of parasite infections among people of the past. These measures allow researchers to compare epidemiological patterns in both ancient and modern populations.

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Section: Development Of Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovering parasites from mummies and coprolites: an epidemiological approach

et al. 2018

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“…Among the diagnostic tests based on optical microscopy those based on spontaneous sedimentation are among the least expensive and easiest to perform and enable the simultaneous detection of helminth and protozoan intestinal infections (Brandelli et al, 2011;Camacho et al, 2013;Carvalho et al, 2012;Ribeiro and Furst, 2012;Tello et al, 2012). For these reasons, in some economically underdeveloped settings their use is preferred over the tests based on centrifuge-sedimentation or centrifuge-flotation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the performance of two spontaneous sedimentation techniques for the diagnosis of human intestinal parasites in the absence of a gold standard

et al. 2014

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Performance evaluation of diagnostic tests is critical in the search for accurate diagnoses. A gold standard test is usually absent in parasitology, thus rendering satisfactory assessment of diagnostic accuracy difficult. Moreover, reliability (assessed by the study of repeatability) is a rarely studied characteristic of diagnostic tests. This study compared and evaluated the performance (repeatability, concordance and accuracy) of the spontaneous sedimentation technique (SST) and the Paratest for the diagnosis of Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica complex, Blastocystis spp., Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, Trichuris trichiura and Calodium hepaticum. Fecal samples of 143 individuals were separated into three replicates for each test. Concordance and homogeneity of the results between replicates of each test and between tests were evaluated. Proportions of positives, sensitivity and specificity were estimated using a Bayesian Latent Class Model. High repeatability of both tests was found for the detection of intestinal parasites, except for Blastocystis spp. and hookworm. Concordance between tests was generally high (concordance correlation coefficient, 0.72-0.88), except for Blastocystis spp., hookworm and T. trichiura. The Paratest detected more cases of Blastocystis spp. and fewer of hookworm than the SST. The tests were quite discordant in the detection of T. trichiura. A low sensitivity (39.4-49.2% for SST, 35.8-53.8% for Paratest) and a high specificity (93.2-97.2%) were found for both tests. The Paratest presented a slightly higher sensitivity for the diagnosis of Blastocystis spp. (53.8%), and SST did so for hookworm (49.2%). This is the first study on repeatability and accuracy (using a Bayesian approach) of two spontaneous sedimentation techniques. These results suggest underdiagnosis of little dense parasitic forms due to technical limitations in both tests. We conclude that the combined study of repeatability, concordance and accuracy is a key strategy for better evaluation of the performance of tests and is also useful for the identification of technical limitations.

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“…Therefore, mites and fungi could have affected the eggs. This is supported by research of other authors who address parasite taphonomy in diverse contexts (Camacho et al, 2013;Leles et al, 2010;Rácz et al, 2015;. Despite this observation, more analyses are required in order to understand the taphonomic issues concerning egg preservation in Salmon Ruins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Taphonomic considerations on pinworm prevalence in three Ancestral Puebloan latrines

Camacho

Iñiguez

Reinhard

2018

Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports

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For archaeological studies it is always necessary to consider taphonomic factors that could have influenced in ancient material preservation. Parasite eggs are usually highly degraded in ancient sites dated from all periods of time and taphonomic factors are mentioned to explain absence and low quantity of eggs found. In this study, we compare parasite egg recovery of three Great House latrines: two from Aztec Ruins (Rooms 219 and 225) and one from Salmon Ruins. We compared through statistical regression the recovery of eggs with the abundance of two classes of decomposers: mites and nematodes. These microorganisms have relation with nematode digitalcommons.unl.edu

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Lutz's spontaneous sedimentation technique and the paleoparasitological analysis of sambaqui (shell mound) sediments

Cited by 21 publications

References 24 publications

Recovering parasites from mummies and coprolites: an epidemiological approach

Recovering parasites from mummies and coprolites: an epidemiological approach

Comparison of the performance of two spontaneous sedimentation techniques for the diagnosis of human intestinal parasites in the absence of a gold standard

Taphonomic considerations on pinworm prevalence in three Ancestral Puebloan latrines

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