Luvisolic soils of Canada: Genesis, distribution, and classification

Abstract

Lavkulich, L. M. and Arocena, J. M. 2011. Luvisols of Canada: Genesis, distribution, and classification. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 781–806. Luvisols link the soil continuum on the Quaternary landscapes. These soils are developed from parent materials rich in Ca and Mg in a relatively humid climate. An acidic eluvial horizon overlying a phyllosilicate-enriched illuvial Bt horizon is the common horizon sequence in Luvisolic soils. Lessivage or the translocation of clays with minimal chemical alteration is the characteristic soil-forming process and results to the diagnostic Bt horizon with well-developed, oriented clay skins or cutans. These soils commonly form intergrades with Chernozems, Podzols and Vertisols. With time, the eluvial horizons experience increased chemical weathering and further release of sequioxides to form Brunisolic and Podzolic sequences within the eluvial Ae in biseqeual soils. Lessivage significantly influences several ecosystem functions of soils. The high amounts of phyllosilicates in the Bt horizon serve as one of the most active sorption sites in soils for metals and organic materials including soil carbon. Sorption of cations takes place through cation exchange reactions and determines the availability of cations to plant roots as well as in the “colloid facilitated transport” of strongly sorbing metals and organic pollutants. Clays in Bt can be restrictive to water and air movement as well as to root growth and distribution. Agricultural and forestry practices such as tillage can compact the structure of Luvisols and may decrease soil productivity.

Influence of long-term feedlot manure and inorganic fertilizer application on selected metal and trace elements in a clay loam soil

“…Cadmium in soils is also generally greater in coarser textured soils with lower pH and cation exchange capacities (Grant et al 1999; Alberta Agriculture and Forestry 2015). The soils in which lodgepole pine and white spruce were grown and used for WD were mainly Gray Luvisols (Lavkulich and Arocena 2011) and Eutric Brunisols (Smith et al 2011). The soils in which barley was grown for ST bedding were mainly Dark Brown Chernozems (Pennock et al 2011).…”

Wood Ash Improved Soil Properties and Crop Yield for Nine Years and Saved Fertilizer

“…117.208 W), Alberta, Canada. The soil is a silty clay Gray Luvisol, referred as Boralf in USDA Soil Taxonomy and Albic / Gleyed Luvisol in FAO -WRB (Soil Classification Working Group, 1998;Luvkulich & Arocena, 2011). The spring soil moisture and rain data during the growing seasons were collected from the Ballater weather station located 4 km south of the experimental site (Table 1).…”

Leached Soils in Slovenia: Pedological Properties, Spatial Distribution and Classification

“…O njihovem pojavljanju poročajo iz Kanade (Lavkulich in Arocena, 2011), ZDA (Bockheim in Hartemink, 2013), Evrope (Kühn in sod., 2006;Quénard in sod., 2011;Costantini in sod., 2013;Carballas in sod., 2016, Fedoroff, 1997 in drugje. Tal, za katera so eluvialno-iluvialni procesi ključni, je po oceni IUUS Working group WRB (2015) na svetu približno 25,7 milijonov km 2 .…”