Geographical indications (GIs) are names of regions or places associated with particular products (Menapace & Moschini, 2014). They are used as labels to convey product quality to consumers (Moschini et al., 2008;Yormirzoev et al., 2021) and to reflect product-specific attributes, reputation, and other characteristics that can be attributed to geographic origin (Niu & Wang, 2014). Accordingly, the product named by the geographical name refers to the geographical indication product (GI product). Some examples of GI products, as listed in the World Intellectual Property Organization (https:// www.wipo.int/geo_indic ation s/en/), include Switzerland's Gruyère cheese, Mexico's tequila, Georgian wine, and more specific regional products such as Pinggu peaches (the Pinggu district north of Beijing, China) and Roquefort cheese (the Roquefort-sur-Soulzon region of France). Because of their historical heritage or unique geographic locations, GI products often suggest high-quality clues to consumers and thus possess good market credibility and appeal (Niu & Wang, 2014). Consequently, consumers use geographic origin tags as an important signal of product quality to reduce search costs and purchase risks (Li et al., 2017).The importance of GI products to local/regional economic development is well recognized as GI products usually have a higher market demand and are sold at higher prices than non-GI products