LVII. Studies of Nasal Cilia in the Living Mammal

Proetz, Arthur W.

doi:10.1177/000348943304200309

Cited by 43 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The most accurate method to measure ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in vivo and in vitro utilizes high-speed cinematography If, 4,15]. This method is time.consuming, Abbreviations: FCS, fetal calf serum; CBF, ciliary beat frequency; FFT, fast Fourier trapsform expensive for routine experiments for which immediate results are expected and does not permit real time analysis of the direct measurement of ciliary beat frequency.…”

Section: Ciliary Beat Frequency I Image Analysis Process I Trachea I mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic image analysis applied to the study of ciliary beat on cultured ciliated epithelial cells from rabbit trachea

Romet

Schöevaërt

Marano

1991

Biology of the Cell

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We have developed an automated image analysis method to study the ciliary beat frequency of ciliated cells of the primary culture from rabbit trachea. The ciliated outgrowth image is digitized and the variation in optical density is automatically calculated for each selected area of interest. 32 measurements of ciliary beat frequency are, in this way, calculated simultaneously in 6 min. With this reliable device, some studies on baseline frequency of control culture have been carried out. There was no variation in the mean frequencies of ciliated cells of the primary culture of different tracheas in our culture conditions. Moreover, the values of ciliary beat frequency at the starting point of the outgrowth were similar to those at the periphery of the outgrowth. There is nevertheless a slow decrease in frequencies versus the duration of culture. We have also established that the frequency of ciliary beat of some cells fluctuates in a periodic pattern whereas the majority of the ciliated population beat in a stable way. The image analysis process allows us to perform a cartography of frequencies on the video display. It also allows us to have access to the frequency of one cilium. Our method therefore seems to be reliable and furthermore simple in the evaluation of the potential effect of inhaled toxic compounds on ciliated cells of mammalian respiratory tract.

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Section: Ciliary Beat Frequency I Image Analysis Process I Trachea I mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic image analysis applied to the study of ciliary beat on cultured ciliated epithelial cells from rabbit trachea

Romet

Schöevaërt

Marano

1991

Biology of the Cell

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“…The process of ciliary action includes the beating of single cilia and the metachronic beating of one after another, so as to cause the least interference between cilia and produce the overall effect of a wave motion that passes along the cilia (163). Pacemakers and humoral transmitters of ciliary control have not been found in mammals (21, 163).…”

Section: Defense Mechanisms Of the Airwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defense Mechanisms of the Lungs

Cohen¹,

Gold²

1975

Annu. Rev. Physiol.

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·:·1133Nonviable particles enter the atmosphere from forest fires, wind action on dessicated soil, entrainment of sea spray, volcanic debris, and gas phase reactions. Man-made sources account for approximately 185-415 X 106 metric tons per year out of an estimated total of 985-26 15 X 106 metric tons per year and are generated from less than 1% of the earth's surface (6 1, 83, 195). The size of the particle is the single most important feature of an aerosol because it determines the stability of the aerosol. The largest size, highest concentration, and greatest diversity in source and composition of particles occurs in the troposphere immediately above the surface of the earth. Although size and concentration of particles tend to decrease with altitude (and distance from urban centers), gas phase reactions activated by sunlight generate large numbers of new particles between 1000-3000 ft in the troposphere and 60,000--65,000 ft in the stratosphere (6 1). These reactions involve hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen from man-made pollution over cities, yielding complex mixtures of nitrogen dioxide, ozone, formaldehyde, ketones, peroxyacyl nitrates, carbon monoxide, etc (4). Although only 35% of the total weight of the particles in this urban aerosol is in the submicronic range, this size range contains the largest number of particles with the largest surface area. Such small size assures deep penetration into the lung, but also favors adsorption of gas by the particle, thus enhancing its capacity to potentiate reactions to irritant gases by causing a high local concentration (44). Although aerosols inside urban buildings are predominantly smaller in size than aerosols outside buildings and so increase the risk for the occupants, most urban aerosols are monitored only outside buildings 'Annu. Rev. Physiol. 1975.37:325-350. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by Western Michigan University on 02/03/15. For personal use only.Quick links to online content Further ANNUAL REVIEWS

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“…In order to ascertain the effect of viral infection on broncial cilia, it was necessary to have a method for evaluation of ciliary action. A technique frequently used for this purpose consists of the visualization of wave-like movements on the surface of respiratory epithelium (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)17), and adaptation of this method to the bronchus of the mouse was readily made.…”

Section: Wave-like Movements Of the Bronch~ ~mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Influenza Virus on Cilia and Epithelial Cells in the Bronchi of Mice

Harford¹,

Hamlin²

1952

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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A study of bronchial cilia in mice was carried out in order to obtain evidence as to how influenza viral infection of the mouse lung lowers rcsistancc to secondary pneumococcal pneumonia. Earlier work had shown that this effect is associated with the viral lesion rather than the presence of the virus per se and had suggested that viral infection damages antibacterial mechanisms of the lung (I). Particular attention was given to cilia because of the histologic evidence that influenza viral infection of the mouse causes necrosis of the bronchial epithelium (I-8). In addition, it has bccn shown that ciliary action removes foreign particles from the respiratory passages and therefore probably serves as an important mechanism of nativc resistance to bacterial infection of the respiratory tract (9-20). I When severe infection with influenza virus was induced in mice, it was found that active ciliary beat persisted in the bronchi of involved lungs and that cilia could be shown to be present in stained sections of the viral lesion. = These findings were unexpected because it was thought that this viral infection causes destruction of bronchial epithelial cells. For this reason, further experiments were done to clarify the nature of the viral lesion. The result of this investigation has revealed no evidence that actual destruction of the epithelium takes place. Instead of nuclear changes in the early viral lesion, basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies have bccn found. Evidence has also been obtained to indicate that portions of the cytoplasm of non-ciliated cells become detached and are shed into the lumen. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS AND RESULTS Wave-Like Movements of the Bronch~ ~In order to ascertain the effect of viral infection on broncial cilia, it was necessary to have a method for evaluation of ciliary action. A technique frequently

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LVII. Studies of Nasal Cilia in the Living Mammal

Cited by 43 publications

References 2 publications

Dynamic image analysis applied to the study of ciliary beat on cultured ciliated epithelial cells from rabbit trachea

Dynamic image analysis applied to the study of ciliary beat on cultured ciliated epithelial cells from rabbit trachea

Defense Mechanisms of the Lungs

Effect of Influenza Virus on Cilia and Epithelial Cells in the Bronchi of Mice

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