“…Consider a single‐input, single‐output (SISO), black‐box, time‐invariant system whose input–output relationship is described by the following: where g (·), φ ( t ) = [ y ( t − 1)⋯ y ( t − n y ) u ( t − 1)⋯ u ( t − n u )] T , y ( t )∈ R is the unknown nonlinear function, regression or input vector, and system output, and t = 1,2,⋯ denotes the sampling of time. By using a Taylor expansion series and system dynamics, the nonlinear system can be presented as a linear correlation between a nonlinear coefficient (Taylor coefficient) and its regression or input vector, described as follows : where ℵ ( ξ ( t )) = [ a (1, t ) ⋯ a ( n y , t ) b (1, t ) ⋯ b ( n u , t )] T denotes the output of an embedded submodel to parameterize the regression vector. ξ ( t ) = [ y ( t − 1)⋯ y ( t − n y ) u ( t − 2)⋯ u ( t − n u ) ν ( t )] T and ν ( t ) are the input of an embedded system injected into a QARXNN model and a virtual input, respectively.…”