Lycopene but not lutein nor zeaxanthin decreases in serum and lipoproteins in age-related macular degeneration patients

Cardinault, Nicolas; Abalain, Jean-Hervé; Sairafi, Badie; Coudray, Charles; Grolier, Pascal; Rambeau, Mathieu; Carré, Jean‐Luc; Mazur, Andrzej; Rock, Edmond

doi:10.1016/j.cccn.2005.01.030

Cited by 69 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Clevidence and Bieri (24), who fed healthy young men a typical US diet, showed that 53% of the lutein and zeaxanthin was transported in HDL. Our results also agreed with a recent report that showed no difference in lipoprotein distribution between AMD patients and control subjects; each group had 50% of lutein associated with HDL (19).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

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Effect of dietary lutein and zeaxanthin on plasma carotenoids and their transport in lipoproteins in age-related macular degeneration

Wang

Connor

Johnson

et al. 2007

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

116

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Background: Low dietary intakes and low plasma concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin are associated with an increased risk of agerelated macular degeneration (AMD). No studies have challenged AMD patients with a diet high in lutein and zeaxanthin. Objective: The objective was to examine the effect of diets low or high in lutein and zeaxanthin on plasma carotenoids and their transport in AMD patients. Design: Seven AMD patients and 5 control subjects were fed a low-lutein, low-zeaxanthin diet (Ȃ1.1 mg/d) for 2 wk, which was followed by a high-lutein, high-zeaxanthin diet (Ȃ11 mg/d) for 4 wk. Ten subjects continued the diet for 8 wk. Plasma and lipoprotein carotenoids were measured by HPLC. Results: The high-lutein, high-zeaxanthin diet resulted in 2-to 3-fold increases in plasma concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin and other carotenoids, except lycopene, in the AMD patients and the control subjects. With this diet, 52% of the lutein and 44% of the zeaxanthin were transported by HDL; Ȃ22% of lutein and zeaxanthin was transported by LDL. Only 20 -25% of ␣-carotene, ␤-carotene, and lycopene was transported by HDL; 50 -57% was transported by LDL. Conclusions:The AMD patients and control subjects responded similarly to a diet high in lutein and zeaxanthin; plasma carotenoid concentrations increased greatly in both groups, and the transport of carotenoids by lipoproteins was not significantly different between the groups. This finding suggests that abnormalities in the metabolism of lutein and zeaxanthin in AMD may reside in the uptake of lutein and zeaxanthin from the plasma and transport into the retina.Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:762-9.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The lipoprotein transport of carotenoids in AMD patients has not been studied extensively. A recent report showed that fasting carotenoid concentrations and their distribution in lipoproteins were not significantly different between AMD patients and control subjects (19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary lutein and zeaxanthin on plasma carotenoids and their transport in lipoproteins in age-related macular degeneration

Wang

Connor

Johnson

et al. 2007

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

116

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“…are not retinol precursors, and both are present in ocular tissues at high concentrations. Lutein and zeaxanthin comprise the macular pigments, essential for normal vision and for the protection of photoreceptors from phototoxic blue light, while lycopene is present in high concentrations in the human ciliary body and retinal pigment epithelium/choroid (2) .Plasma carotenoid concentrations have been linked to numerous conditions (3 -6) including the major blinding conditions -age-related macular degeneration (7,8) and cataracts (9) . To date, the relationship between the major carotenoids and diabetic retinopathy has not been evaluated (Table 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma carotenoids and diabetic retinopathy

et al. 2008

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Diabetic retinopathy increases with duration of diabetes and may be associated with carotenoid status. Carotenoids alter the pro-oxidation/antioxidation balance, and circulating levels depend largely on dietary intake. Lower levels have been reported in diabetes and age-related macular degeneration; however, little is known of the relationship between carotenoids and diabetic complications. Consequently, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between plasma carotenoids and diabetic retinopathy. We assessed the carotenoid -retinopathy relationship in 111 individuals with type 2 diabetes in a community-based, cross-sectional study. We photodocumented retinal status and used HPLC to measure plasma carotenoid concentrations. Data for clinical and demographic variables and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy were obtained from 24 h urine and fasting blood samples, and an interviewer-assisted lifestyle questionnaire. We found that the combined lycopene and lutein/zeaxanthin (non-pro-vitamin A (non-PVA) carotenoid) concentration when compared with the pro-vitamin A (PVA) carotenoids (a-carotene, b-carotene and b-cryptoxanthin) was significantly lower in the retinopathy than non-retinopathy group (OR 1·2 (95 % CI 1·0, 1·4) v. 1·6 (95 % CI 1·4, 1·7), respectively; P¼0·009). A higher non-PVA:PVA ratio also predicted a lower risk of diabetic retinopathy, after adjustment for potential confounders (OR 0·33 (95 % CI 0·12, 0·95); P¼0·039). Finally, a higher concentration of PVA carotenoids was associated with greater odds of diabetic retinopathy, after adjustment for risk factors (P¼ 0·049). We suggest synergies between carotenoids are implicated in diabetic retinopathy, independent of established risk factors. Importantly, our observations indicate dietary modulation of retinopathy risk may be possible by increasing intakes of lutein-and lycopene-rich foods. Carotenoids: Diabetic retinopathy: Pro-vitamin ACarotenoids demonstrate a vast array of biological activities, including vital roles in the eye, both functionally as precursors to retinol in the visual pathway (pro-vitamin A (PVA) carotenoids) and structurally as macular pigments. The major PVA carotenoids in plasma are a-carotene, b-carotene and b-cryptoxanthin. Of these, only b-carotene is found in ocular tissues (1) .In contrast, lutein/zeaxanthin and lycopene are the major non-PVA carotenoids, i.e. are not retinol precursors, and both are present in ocular tissues at high concentrations. Lutein and zeaxanthin comprise the macular pigments, essential for normal vision and for the protection of photoreceptors from phototoxic blue light, while lycopene is present in high concentrations in the human ciliary body and retinal pigment epithelium/choroid (2) .Plasma carotenoid concentrations have been linked to numerous conditions (3 -6) including the major blinding conditions -age-related macular degeneration (7,8) and cataracts (9) . To date, the relationship between the major carotenoids and diabetic retinopathy has not been evaluated (Table ...

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“…Nevertheless, and with full appreciation of the limitations of associative studies, there have been no less than 12 cross-sectional reports attempting to investigate the relationship between serum concentrations of macular pigment's constituent carotenoids and the risk for AMD (see Table 2). [20][21][22][23][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] Further, and notwithstanding the fact that many of these cross-sectional studies were performed in the pre-AREDS 2 era, it should be appreciated that lutein-containing supplements were commercially available since 1999, 41 and since that date their use grew substantially as a result of widespread dissemination of their putative benefits. [42][43][44][45][46][47][48] Meaningful comment on any such relationship should be predicated, therefore, on population-based studies where data were recorded pre-1999 and to subsequent population-based studies where the use of carotenoid-containing supplements was recorded and appropriately factored into analyses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Plasma Concentrations of Lutein and Zeaxanthin with Self-Reported and Actual Prevalence of AMD in an Irish Population-Based Sample

Moran

Beatty

Stack

et al. 2017

Current Eye Research

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Purpose: To investigate plasma lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) concentrations with grading-confirmed and self-reported prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Material and methods: Data collected from a nationally representative prospective cohort study of community-dwelling adults aged 50 years and over in the Republic of Ireland. Participants underwent a computer-assisted personal interview and a center-based health assessment. Plasma concentrations of L and total Z (Z and meso-zeaxanthin [MZ]) were measured by high performance liquid chromatography, and retinal photographs were graded using a version of the AMD International Classification and Grading System. Consumption of supplements containing L and/or Z and/or MZ was recorded as supplement use. Four groups were identified: Group 1 (n = 24): AMD-afflicted and correctly aware; Group 2 (n = 264): AMD-afflicted but unaware; Group 3 (n = 41): AMD-free and incorrectly believed that they were afflicted with the condition; Group 4 (n = 4094): AMD-free and correctly self-reported absence of AMD. Results: Of 4,423 participants with plasma concentrations of L and Z and gradable retinal photographs, 288 (6.5%) were afflicted with AMD, and 65 (1.5%) self-reported AMD. Controlling for family history and age, the relationship between grading-confirmed AMD and plasma L was positive and significant (p < 0.001). Mean plasma concentrations of L in Group 2 (mean = 0.2162 ± 0.132 µmol) and Group 4 (mean = 0.2040 ± 0.121 µmol/L) were significantly lower than Group 1 (mean = 0.4691 ± 0.0.372 µmol/L) and Group 3 (mean = 0.3176 ± 0.0.235 µmol/L). Supplement use was reported by 41.7% and 17.1% of participants in Groups 1 and 3, respectively, but only 2.7% and 1.9% of participants in Groups 2 and 4, respectively. Conclusion: A belief that one suffers from AMD, whether justified or not, is associated with supplement use and with higher plasma concentrations of L. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Lycopene but not lutein nor zeaxanthin decreases in serum and lipoproteins in age-related macular degeneration patients

Cited by 69 publications

References 32 publications

Effect of dietary lutein and zeaxanthin on plasma carotenoids and their transport in lipoproteins in age-related macular degeneration

Effect of dietary lutein and zeaxanthin on plasma carotenoids and their transport in lipoproteins in age-related macular degeneration

Plasma carotenoids and diabetic retinopathy

The Relationship Between Plasma Concentrations of Lutein and Zeaxanthin with Self-Reported and Actual Prevalence of AMD in an Irish Population-Based Sample

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