Lycoperoside H, a steroidal alkaloid saponin in tomato seeds, ameliorates atopic dermatitis‐like symptoms in IL‐33 transgenic mice

Abstract

Tomato seeds contain steroidal saponins called lycoperosides. However, it currently remains unclear whether lycoperosides exert anti‐inflammatory or anti‐allergic effects. Therefore, we herein investigated the effects of tomato seed extract (TSE) and lycoperoside H (LH) in Interleukin (IL)‐33 transgenic mice. TSE (500 mg/kg) or LH (10 mg/kg) was orally administered once a day for 101 days and then evaluated mouse behavior, skin symptoms, and blood and skin inflammatory cytokines. TSE slightly suppressed scratching behavior, while TSE and LH both increased locomotive activity. LH also significantly suppressed inflammation scores in the limbs, and TSE and LH reduced transepidermal water loss. Epidermal hyperplasia and the accumulation of eosinophils and mast cells were decreased by TSE and LH. Skin Th2/Th1 cytokine ratio and serum IgE concentrations were significantly reduced by TSE and LH. The present results suggest that the oral administration of LH derived from tomato seeds effectively ameliorates the symptoms of atopic dermatitis. Practical applications It has been reported that tomato seeds contain steroidal saponins, lycoperosides, though the effects of lycoperosides on anti‐inflammatory or anti‐allergic have not yet been revealed. In this study, we demonstrated that the oral administration of lycoperoside H derived from tomato seeds suppressed atopic dermatitis symptoms in IL‐33 transgenic mice.

Lycoperoside H, a Tomato Seed Saponin, Improves Epidermal Dehydration by Increasing Ceramide in the Stratum Corneum and Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Effect

“…Taken together, it is suggested that lycoperoside H (3) improved TEWL by acting as a partial glucocorticoid receptor agonist with suppression of the acute inflammatory effect. This activity is also considered to be the mechanism of our previous results, which demonstrated that oral administration of lycoperoside H suppressed AD-like skin inflammation in IL-33 transgenic mice [10].…”

“…In the present study, tomato seed saponins (1-4,6-8), especially lycoperoside C (2), significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of these enzymes in HaCaT cells. On the other hand, tomato seed flavonoids (5,(9)(10)(11) exhibited a trend to downregulate the expression of enzymes for ceramide synthesis. These results suggest that tomato seed saponins appeared to be leading candidates that contribute to epidermal hydration.…”

“…Among them, we contain several types of saponins and flavonol glycosides (Figure 1). Among them, we have recently demonstrated that oral administration of lycoperoside H, a steroidal saponin isolated from tomato seeds, ameliolated atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin inflammation and transepidermal water loss (TEWL), in concert with a decrease in accumulation of mast cells, eosinophils in dermis, the secretion of serum total IgE, and the Th2/Th1 cytokine ratio in IL-33 transgenic mice [10]. However, the mechamism of lycoperoside H in this study was not evaluated in detail and the anti-inflammtory and/or epidermal hydrating effect of isolated compounds other than lycoperoside H remain unknown.…”

Tomatoes: An Extensive Review of the Associated Health Impacts of Tomatoes and Factors That Can Affect Their Cultivation

“…Locules are divided by a septum, with seeds bound to an elongated axial placenta [ 61 ]. Tomato seeds are known to contain steroidal saponins called lycoperosides, particularly lycoperoside H, which are believed to exert anti-inflammatory effects [ 62 , 63 ].…”

Tomato Seed Extract Containing Lycoperoside H Improves Skin Elasticity in Japanese Female Subjects: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Trial

“…Thus, we performed a constituent study of tomato seeds to find effective use of waste resources and found that lycoperosides are major saponins in the seeds. Furthermore, lycoperoside H was found to suppress atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation in IL-33 deficient mice [33]. Despite the above chemical and preclinical studies of tomato saponins, there are no reports of a clinical study of saponins especially on the skin condition.…”