Lying posture does not accurately indicate sleep stage in dairy cows

Hunter, Laura B.; O'Connor, C. E.; Haskell, Marie J.; Langford, Fritha M.; Webster, James R.; Stafford, Kevin J.

doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105427

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Accelerometry or observation of behaviour as used in this study cannot objectively measure sleep stages or sleep quality, which gives interpretation limitations. For example, in cows, lying posture did not accurately indicate sleep stages [ 50 ], and dogs are known to be able to sleep without having their eyelids fully closed. Non-invasive measurements with high specificity of sleep versus awake state and different sleep stages can only be determined with polysomnographic recordings [ 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensor-supported measurement of adaptability of dogs (Canis familiaris) to a shelter environment: Nocturnal activity and behavior

2023

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Every shelter dog is faced with the challenge to adapt to a kennel environment. To monitor the welfare of individual shelter dogs, evaluating behavioural and physiological parameters, potentially useful as indicators for adaptability of individual dogs is crucial. Nocturnal activity, i.e. resting patterns, has already been identified as a candidate indicator of adaptability and can be easily measured remotely with the help of sensors. We investigated the usefulness of a 3-axial accelerometer (Actigraph®) to monitor nocturnal activity in shelter dogs every night during the full first two weeks in-shelter starting directly at shelter intake, as a measure of welfare. Additionally, urinary cortisol/creatinine ratio (UCCR), body weight and behaviour data were collected to evaluate stress responses. A control group of pet dogs in homes, matched to the shelter dog group, was also monitored. Shelter dogs had higher nocturnal activity and UCCRs than pet dogs, especially during the first days in the shelter. Nocturnal activity, both accelerometer measures and activity behaviour, and UCCRs decreased over nights in the shelter. Smaller dogs had higher nocturnal activity and UCCRs than larger dogs and showed less autogrooming during the first nights. Dogs with no previous kennel experience had higher nocturnal activity and UCCRs, and showed less body shaking, than dogs with previous kennel experience. Overall, sheltered dogs also showed less body shaking during the first night. The number of dogs showing paw lifting decreased over days. Age class and sex effected only few activity behaviours. Shelter dogs significantly lost body weight after 12 days in the shelter compared to the moment of intake. Shelter dogs had disrupted nocturnal resting patterns and UCCRs compared to pet dogs and seem to partly adapt to the shelter environment after two weeks. Sensor-supported identification of nocturnal activity can be a useful additional tool for welfare assessments in animal shelters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensor-supported measurement of adaptability of dogs (Canis familiaris) to a shelter environment: Nocturnal activity and behavior

2023

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“…EEG studies (Hänninen et al, 2008; Hunter et al, 2021; Ternman et al, 2014) have suggested that SLP corresponds to REM sleep. The young of many terrestrial mammal species exhibit more REM sleep than older ones (Hänninen et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous study, we showed that the daily SLP time temporarily increases to compensate for the daily SLP time shortened by stress, representing a “rebound” phenomenon (Fukasawa, Komatsu, & Higashiyama, 2018). Furthermore, studies using invasive (Ruckebusch, 1972) or non‐invasive (Hänninen et al, 2008; Ternman et al, 2014) electroencephalography (EEG) showed that the most of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in dairy cows occurs in SLP (Hunter et al, 2021). Therefore, although SLP does not indicate the entire sleep of cattle, we hypothesize that it could serve as a useful indicator of cattle sleep in a conventional environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of sleep‐like posture expression with age in female Holstein calves

Fukasawa

2023

Animal Science Journal

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Sleep plays an important role in cattle production and welfare. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the development of sleep‐like posture (SLP) expression in dairy calves from birth to the first calving as an indicator of their sleep behavior. Fifteen female Holstein calves were subjected. Daily SLP was measured eight times (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 18 months and 23 months or 1 month before the first calving) using an accelerometer. Calves were kept in individual pens until weaning at 2.5 months old and then kept in the group. The daily SLP time decreased rapidly in early life; however, the rate of decrease gradually slowed and eventually reached a stable level of approximately 60 min/day after 12 months old. The daily SLP bout frequency showed the same change as the SLP time. In contrast, the averaged SLP bout duration slowly decreased with age. Longer daily SLP time during early life in female Holstein calves might be related to brain development. The individual expression of daily SLP time differs before and after weaning. Some external and/or internal factors associated with weaning may be involved SLP expression.

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“…It is possible that the use of behavioural correlates to identify sleep states may not be as easy to elucidate in all species. For example, studies in dairy cows have resulted in disagreements as to whether posture is a reliable indicator of sleep state [ 92 , 93 , 94 ]. Furthermore, these studies do not validate behavioural observations such as posture with electrophysiological data, leading to these measures being more akin to time spent lying down rather than accurate assessments of sleep state.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Mild Disturbances on Sleep Behaviour in Laying Hens

Putyora

Brocklehurst

Tuyttens

et al. 2023

Animals

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The positive welfare of commercial animals presents many benefits, making the accurate assessment of welfare important. Assessments frequently use behaviour to determine welfare state; however, nighttime behaviours are often ignored. Sleep behaviour may offer new insights into welfare assessments. This study aimed to establish a baseline for sleep behaviour in laying hens and to then apply mild short-term disturbances and observe the subsequent effects. Twelve laying hens were divided into four batches and were surgically implanted with electroencephalogram (EEG) devices to record their brain activity. The batches were subjected to undisturbed, disturbed and recovery types of nights. Disturbed nights consisted of systematic sequences of disturbance application (wind, 90 dB noise or 20 lux light) applied one at a time for 5 min every 30 min from 21:00 to 03:00 (lights off period: 19:00–05:00). Sleep state was scored using EEG data and behaviour data from infrared cameras. Over all the types of night hens engaged in both SWS (58%) and REM sleep (18%) during lights off. When applied, the disturbances were effective at altering the amounts of wakefulness and SWS (Time × Type of Night, p < 0.001, p = 0.017, respectively), whereas REM sleep was unaltered (p = 0.540). There was no evidence of carry-over effects over the following day or night. Laying hens may be resilient to short-term sleep disruption by compensating for this in the same night, suggesting that these disturbances do not impact their long-term welfare (i.e., over days). Sleep behaviour potentially offers a unique means of assessing an aspect of animal welfare that, to date, has been poorly studied.

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Lying posture does not accurately indicate sleep stage in dairy cows

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Sensor-supported measurement of adaptability of dogs (Canis familiaris) to a shelter environment: Nocturnal activity and behavior

Sensor-supported measurement of adaptability of dogs (Canis familiaris) to a shelter environment: Nocturnal activity and behavior

The development of sleep‐like posture expression with age in female Holstein calves

The Effects of Mild Disturbances on Sleep Behaviour in Laying Hens

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